Manitoba Heritage Theses

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http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3098

Contains full text Manitoba-related theses dating from 1902 to the present.

The University of Manitoba Libraries gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Manitoba Department of Heritage, Culture, Tourism and Sport in the digitization of many of these theses.

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Open Access
Women healthcare workers, compassion fatigue, and the COVID-19 pandemic
(0024-08-15) Dearborn, Regan; Bone, Tracey (Social Work); Lobchuk, Michelle (Nursing); Nixon, Kendra (Social Work)
Abstract This mixed-methods study focuses on women essential healthcare workers and their experiences of compassion fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic exacerbated compassion fatigue levels in healthcare, a field predominantly comprised of women. The study used quantitative (survey) and qualitative methods (interviews). For the survey, I received 44 viable responses. These questions sought feedback on each participant’s experience with compassion fatigue, alterations to the services that they offered, and experiences with ever-changing regulations and restrictions. They also highlighted the unique struggles that participants potentially faced as caregivers and how they were able to balance the ever-changing demands. Survey participants were invited to participate in a follow-up interview. The interview questions focused on individual impacts and experiences in their role and their personal life exploring experiences of moral injury, guilt, and shame. Participants also reported on what support they had, and recommendations they had for the government, their employer, their managers, and the public. Eight women across Ontario completed the interview, which began with the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL). The six themes from the survey and interviews were, theme 1: The Impacts of the Pandemic on Participants’ Personal Lives including the Emotional and Mental Health Impacts of Compassion Fatigue, The Physical Impacts of Compassion Fatigue and The Impacts on Family, Theme 2: Participants Experiences with Moral Injury, Theme 3: Participant Feelings of Guilt and Shame, Theme 4: Supports Provided and Sought for their Well-Being, and Theme 5: Perceived Gaps and Limitations including The Experiences with the Federal and Provincial Government, Experiences with their Healthcare Employer and Experiences with the Public, and lastly, Theme 6: Recommendations for Improving Systems and Supports. The goal was to share information about women’s firsthand experiences with Compassion Fatigue. Although differences existed among participants, they shared the common perspective that the last few years were challenging personally and professionally. This study’s mixed methods design enabled this researcher to explore women healthcare workers’ direct firsthand experiences. This study contributes novel evidence that highlights women’s challenges and their recommendations for changes needed and future improvements in support provided to them by the healthcare system and workplaces.
Open Access
Novel cattail paper sheet development for manufacturing compostable cups
(0024-08-26) Raju, Md Mezbah Uddin; Levin, David ( Biosystems Engineering); Liu, Song ( Biosystems Engineering); Rahman, Mashiur
Cattail biomass is an abundant and cost-effective source of fiber in the Prairie region of Canada. Despite advancements in the development of eco-friendly disposable tableware using non-wood biomass, the potential use of waste fibrous cattail biomass for paper production remains unexplored. This study investigates the feasibility of using cattail biomass combined with a biodegradable polymer coating like polylactic acid (PLA), to produce fully compostable beverage cups. In the current research, fibers were extracted from cattail plant leaves, achieving a 32% yield through optimized alkali retting using a 2.5% NaOH solution at 90°C for 4 hours. These fibers were then used to produce paper sheets under optimal pulping conditions: a consistency of 1.5%, a blending time of 3.5 minutes, and beating-agitation at 2,300 rpm. The uncoated Cattail paper sheets had an average basis weight of 298 g/m² and a thickness of 0.76 mm, both higher than those of the standard uncoated paper sheets used to manufacture commercial (Fools & Horses Coffee Inc.) single-use paper beverage cups provided by (293 g/m² and 0.41 mm). However, the Cattail-paper sheets exhibited lower tensile index, modulus, and bursting index (14.11 Nm/g, 1.06 GPa, and 0.04 kPa·m²/g) compared to the commercial coffee cup paper sheets (19.33 Nm/g, 1.22 GPa, and 0.1 kPa·m²/g). Cattail paper sheets were coated by applying four layers of a PLA polymer solution (at concentrations of 3%, 4%, and 5% w/v in dichloromethane solvent) using compressed air at 15 psi under ambient conditions. The polymer-coated paper sheets produced with varying coating percentages exhibited higher average basis weight and thickness (363 to 375 g/m² and 0.87 to 0.88 mm) compared to the standard coated commercial cup paper sheets (344 g/m² and 0.49 mm). The mechanical properties, including tensile index, modulus, and bursting index, as well as air permeability, of the coated Cattail paper sheets were found to be comparatively lower than those of the standard coated commercial cup paper sheets. However, the water contact angle of the coated Cattail paper sheets was higher. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of the coated Cattail paper was comparable to that of other paper materials coated with PLA polymer. The results of this study have important implications for the development of cost-effective, fully compostable, and environmentally sustainable single-use paper cups for the food and beverage industry and will provide a valuable opportunity to enhance the utilization of locally available biomass resources.
Open Access
Understanding solidarity: the role of emotions and inclusive victim consciousness among gender and ethnic/racial groups in Canada
(0024-08-28) Fontaine, Aleah Sheyenne Marie; Vorauer, Jacquie (Psychology); Mackenzie, Corey (Psychology); Kim, Sunmee (Psychology); Laurin, Kristin (University of British Columbia); Starzyk, Katherine
Oppressive and discriminatory systems, laws, and policies impact people collectively over many generations, such as Indigenous Peoples in Canada. Reconciling such harms requires a collective effort from many within a society, meaning it is important to understand who is likely to be a source of support and why. Certain groups, such as women and racialized people, are especially likely to express solidarity, yet the underlying reasons for this may differ. In this dissertation, I examined how gender and ethnic/racial background relate to intergroup solidarity and the potential drivers of these relationships: inclusive victim consciousness and emotional responses to injustice. This project included three studies. First, to ensure that the measures I used were psychometrically robust, in Study 1, I developed multi-item scales that measured several emotional domains. In an online study, 280 university students learned about discrimination toward Indigenous Peoples in the child welfare system and then shared how they felt. Using factor analyses, I examined, identified, and retained items to develop scales that measure the domains of love, anger, sadness, feeling sorry, and hope. Further, configural invariance testing suggested the factor structure was similar between gender and ethnic/racial groups. Using these scales, in Study 2, I examined the relationships among gender, ethnicity/race, inclusive victim consciousness, emotions, and solidarity among 352 university students. In Study 3, I examined whether findings generalized in a diverse national sample of 612 adults from across Canada. Using t-tests, correlational analyses, and path analyses, the general pattern of results from Studies 2 and 3 suggest that (1) women express stronger emotions than men when they learn about injustice, and some feelings, such as empathy and feeling sorry, in turn, predict greater solidarity; (2) Racialized participants feel a greater sense of inclusive victim consciousness and in some circumstances, stronger emotions than White participants, which may, in turn, predict more solidarity; and (3) of all emotions, empathy is a particularly strong predictor of solidarity, whereas anger is not a significant predictor once other emotions are accounted for. I end with reflections on strengths and limitations, applying an Indigenous lens to quantitative research, and theoretical and applied considerations.
Open Access
The influence of civilization on the North American Indian
(1902) MacPherson, Robert James
The question is not a new one. Indeed, so much has been said and written on the subject that one might be tempted to think the literature treating of it altogether out of proportion to its importance. Certainly this literature has been so long in accumulating that we are at least led to suppose that nothing new can be said, and that any importance there is in the question was realized long ago. This, however, is not true, for much that is in print on the Indians might, just so far as their well-being is concerned, have been left unwritten. The one thing that gave it birth was the fascination of a subject so congenial to minds fond of real and rarest incident. The history of no other people can afford so much delightful romance, or startling adventure, or courageous enterprise, compressed in so short a period, as can that of the Indians of North America. Hence it is only to comparatively few of the legion of authors that the material importance of the subject has at all appealed, and therefore by even a lesser number that it has been treated in a judicious and interested manner.
Open Access
Work and the working men of Winnipeg
(1908) McIvor, Daniel
Work may be defined in a general sense, to move with labor and with some particular purpose or tendency. Ruskin said there is a working class -- strong and happy among both rich and poor: There is an idle class -- weak, wicked, miserable among both rich and poor. I purpose to deal with "work" ethically, then with the character and problems of the working men of Winnipeg. In most cities and countries there are two classes of people, the workers, and the idlers, and the climate and surroundings will determine to a great extent which will be the larger class. We are fortunate to have such a climate in Manitoba, that is not conducive to idleness but stimulates us for work. Apart from the climate many of us have no choice in the matter and no need for encouragement or reproof. We at least have the spur of necessity which would soon prick our sides if we tried to dispence with what is our lot. It might be said with some truth that idleness is not a very glaring fault of our city, that compared with others is as actively industrious and that many among us suffer from over work rather than under work....
Open Access
Canadian immigration
(1909) Ivens, William,
Never before in the history of the world has the peaceful migration of nations been as free, as unimpeded, and as universal as it is in our era. Never before have nations faced such tremendous political, economic, and other religious issues emanating from immigraion as the American Continent is facing to-day. How vital is the issue can be seen by the briefest glance at the civilization and swiftly changing political issues of the Occident as compared with the Orient of the present age. Moreover our very independence and existence as an Nation is hanging in the balance, and the destiny of the future lies more largely in the hands of present-day statemen than it did with the "Fathers of Federation". Especially is this so because of the increasing tide of immigraiton to our shores.
Open Access
Are we spoiling the natives? : an inquiry into, and a defence of the policy of educating the subject native races of British South Africa
(1910) Collins, Ernest Spencer
It is not here contended that any portion of the South African races are on the same mental level as the Aryan-speaking white races; but that education, the drawing out of such germinative gifts of nature as now lie dormant, will affect beneficially both the subject race ruled and the race that rules. New thoughtful persons hold the opinion that the African is the equal of the European; but that he is capable under European hegemony of making rapid progress in the arts of civilisation, and of adding his own peculiar gifts to the world's treasures of knowledge and desirable things - is certain. It is true there are those in South Africa who have the most un-British idea that the exploitation of the Native should be carried on in the interests only of the white man, they would in fact make them helots. A higher conception of our relation to them is now, happily, gaining ground. Slowly but surely public opinion is becoming imbued with a sense of responsibility, and the leavening process has begun with the rulers. It has however, but just commenced and there is much prejudice and ignorance to overcome.
Open Access
The education of the Indian in Canada
(1912) Laronde, Louis
Historical Resume The Aim of Indian Education The Realization of the Aim Comparisons from Statistics The Improved Day School Theories of Indian Education Needs, Hints and Suggestions
Open Access
Canadian immigration and its problems
(1914-03-31) Anderson, James Thomas Milton
According to the corrected returns of the fifth census the total population of Canada on June 1, 1911 was 7,206,643 which represents an increase of 1,835,328 since the previous census of April 1, 1901. Thus, during this period the rate of increase was 34.17 p.c. which is the largest increase of any country in the world, and which is due to the heavy tide of immigration which set in with the beginning of the present century. If we calculate from the total of 3,729,665 square miles we thus find that the average density of the population of Canada is 1.93 per square mile
Open Access
Canada and the immigration problem
(1915) Whittaker, Joseph Thompson
Social problems change from year to year and from age to age. The earliest problems of European history were political. The German tribes, after overwhelming the Romans and Britons in England, began the great work of state formation and the limitations of nationalities. From the eleventh century to the time of the Reformation we have the struggles which finally determine the spheres of the church and the state. The deciding factors in this mightly struggle were, we may truthfully say, the gradual falling down and final break-up of the feudal system; the invention of printing, the invention of gunpowder; the discovery of the new trade routes to India and finally the discovery of America, which moved the center of the commercial and econonmic world from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic and through its geographical situation paved the way for the future greatness of Great Britian as a world power. These, followed by the growth of our present parliamentary system of cabinet government from the year 1650 on; the effect of the French Revolution; the Reform Bill of 1832 and subsequent changes to its principles, have solved more or less, at any rate for the time being, the fundamental problems of state life...
Open Access
The extension of co-operative principles to agriculture in western Canada
(1918) Jerrom, Thomas Clement
If the great struggle in which the nations of the world are now involved has brought home one lesson with greater force and reality than another, it must surely be that the neglect hitherto accorded to the agricultural position and question of food supplies within the Empire, must be held, in part at least, accountable for the development of a condition fraught with grave danger, not only to the general life of the people, but also to the industrial and commercial situation, upon which the welfare of the national finally rests...
Open Access
Research work carried out in the Biochemical and Physiological Laboratories of the University of Manitoba under the direction of Prof. A. T. Cameron : I. The nature of chlorine combination in urine ; II. The effects of inanition upon the adrenal bodies and other organs ; III. The action of various anions on the frog's heart and muscle-nerve preparations
(1921) Hollenberg, Michael Samuel
Neuberg states that Berlioz and Lepinois, and other French writers found chlorine present in urine partly in organic combination. Later investigators denied this. Baumgarten obtained results indicating that 0.04 to 0.2 gm. of organic chlorine is excreted daily in the urine; the maximum found amounted to about 10 per cent of the total chlorine excretion, and was independent of the amount of sodium chloride in the diet and the temperature of the individual. We have been unable to find any more recent work dealing with the possible presence of organic chlorine in urine. Baumgarten's method consisted in treating urine with sodium nitrate and fuming nitric acid (to reduce chlorates), adding excess of silver nitrate and filtering in darkness, and, after removal of excess silver, concentrating to one-third, again filtering, and heating the filtrate in a retort with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids free from chloride. The distillate was collected in a dilute silver nitrate solution, and silver chloride was precipitated in this corresponding to the amounts of chlorine indicated above. This chlorine was considered to be in organic combination. we have repeated Baugarten's procedure with completely negative results. Chlorates and perchlorates do not appear to occur normally in urine, and when administered are excreted in the urine unchanged and almost quantitatively within 48 hours. We have confirmed the absence of chlorine-oxy-acids from normal urine by the following procedure...
Open Access
Transportation in western Canada, 1785-1885
(1922) Shere, Louis
The 'Canoe Route'; 'York Route';and the American Phase to 1874. The general importance of transportation has been estimated by Macaulay in the following words, "Of all inventions the alphabet and the printing press alone excepted, those inventions which abridge distance have done most for the civilization of our species. Every improvement of means of locomotion benefits mankind morally and intellectually as well as materially and not only facilitates the interchange of the various productions of nature and art, but tends to remove national and provincial antipathies, and to bind together all the branches of the great human family." In Canada, the natives had for centuries followed the waterways, the chief means of communication, and when these were interrupted, the lines of least resistance overland, pointed out by the tracks of wild animals. Thus they acquired a first hand geographical knowledge of the country, which enabled them to wander to their destination by various routes. They had, however, a few recognized paths, such as the one from Lake Nipigon overland to Lake Winnipeg and the old 'canoe route' that they generally followed with modifications answering to their needs or inclinations. Usually they passed via Dog Lake and a Thousand Lakes....
Open Access
Life and letters in Red River, 1812-63
(1923) Dowker, George Hasted
In 1812 the first Selkirk settlers arrive in Red River. In 1863 there took place tbe sale of the Hudson's Bay Company to the International Finance Corporation. The intervening period contains all that distinctively and pecularity belongs to tbe life of the Red River Settlement. This thesis presupposes a working knowledge of the political development of tbe country. Education and missionary work has received special and somewhat detailed treatment. An attempt has been made in tbe Introduction to give a graphic setting to a study which may tend to become prosaic in an effort to avoid fiction and rhetoric and to arrive at truth and accuracy. The fact that the material available has been well nigh all of a secondary nature has made the attainment of this ideal doubly difficult. The thesis falls into three distinct sections and it is hoped that the general plan of the work will be self-evident. As further aid to the reader a table of contents has been included and the several chapters sub-divided.
Open Access
A history of the Mennonites, particularly in Manitoba
(1924) Willows, Andrew
In writing this brief history of the Mennonites, it was found that the material from which to gather information was very limited. Professor C.H. Wendel of Bethel College, Newton, Kansas, has written a brief History of the Mennonites and their Religion, in German. All references to the religion of these people were obtained from this work. For information regarding the early history of the Mennonites in Europe, and their settlement in Prussia, the writer is indebted to Rev. C. Van der Smissen of Berne, Indiana, for the loan of a History of the Mennonites written by D.K. Kassel, and to Professor C. Henry Smith's book, entitled "The Mennonites of America". The chapters dealing with the settlement of the Mennonites in Pennsylvania and Kansas were compiled almost entirely from these two sources and from information gleaned from a pamphlet published by C.B. Schmidt, Commissioner of Immigration of the Rock Island Railway Lines, kindly furnished to the writer by Rev. C. Van der Smissen.
Open Access
Colloids in iron and ore sedimentation with special reference to a pisolitic hematite deposit on Black Island, Manitoba
(1924) Yarwood, Walter Samuel
J.B.Tyrrell noted this occurrence of Manitoba iron ore. In his correlation the rocks of the southern portion of Black Island were placed as Cambro-Silurian in age. The sericite schists were regarded as being probably Huronian in age. Tyrrell noted the stalactitic nature of the hermatite. He did not attempt to arrive at a definite conclusion with regard to the origin of the deposit. Black Island in its relation to the surrounding country may best be realized from Fig. 1. The distance from the mouth of the Red River to Black Island is fifty-four miles. Black Island may be reached from Selkirk, or Victoria Beach by launch. The iron ore deposit in question is located on the east shore of Black Island, being a little north of west from the mouth of the Manigotagan River. The island lies on the contact between the Ordovician and Pre-Cambrian. The Ordovician commonly is at contact with the Pre-Cambrian. Between these horizons, however, there is a sandstone formation which has locally been named Winnipeg Sandstone. This does not generally exceed one hundred feet in thickness and is quite localised. The formation may be of the interrelated type similar to the St. Peter of the central United States. The southern part of Black Island approximating three-fourths in area of the total, is covered by this sandstone. Aside from the outcrops on the island the Winnipeg formation is seen in only one other area on the map as given. This occurs on the southwest corner of the peninsula separating the Manigotagan and Wanipigow River systems. There has been no deposition of limestone on the sandstone insofar as Black Island is concerned, thus the limestone is restricted to the west of the dotted line, Fig. 2. Subsequent to the Ordovician invasion there has been laid down a thin covering of glacial drift. The northern portion of Black Island consists of andesitic and trachytic lavas similar in every respect to the lavas bordering the Wanipigow River eastward....
Open Access
The French element in the Red River settlement
(1924) Golden, Harvey
The Province of Manitoba was born amidst the disorders of an Insurrection in 1870. The Constitution provided for the new member of the Canadian Confederation appeared to have all the permancence of a Federal Statute confirmed by an enactment of the Imperial Parliament: yet before twenty years had passed every important clause it embodied (with one exception - the Public Lands clause which is as yet a standing subject for negotiations) was either radically changed or totally repealed. English speaking Protestants dwelt upon the lands reserved for the children of the French Metis, the Legislative Council was gone, the English language was supreme in the Legislature and the Courts, and the separate school system had received its death blow. It is the aim of the writer to indicate the circumstances under which the Manitoba Act came to be - the conditions which led to its enactment -- allowing its antecedents to account for its futility.
Open Access
Life and work of the Honorable John Norquay
(1925) McBeth, Margaret Elliot
Open Access
The two races in Manitoba
(1926) Woods, David Scott,
The Manitoba Act passed the Dominion House on March 12th, 1870. Being the child of the Insurrection it bore all the traces of the thought which had inspired and dominated that movement, and was considered a complete safe-guard to the special privileges granted the French element at Red River, but defeat was rooted in the victory, as the sympathy of the British natives had been lost, and the seeds of determined opposition firmly planted in the thought of Ontario which was soon to send its thousands of settlers to the prairie lands of the West. This new body of opinion eventually dominated in Manitoba, and in the uncompromising strife of 1890 it swept away almost every trace of special privilege and left the minority embittered, yet solidly united in the hour of defeat.
Open Access
Portage La Prairie from earliest times to 1907
(1926) Bell, Margaret Jane
The modern tourist travelling westward on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, across the Dominion of Canada, finds himself really launched into the prairies as he leaves Winnipeg. An hour from Winnipeg, he sees to the North, great prairie stretches; to the South, a narrow stretch of arable land, bounded at the horizon by woods. He knows that the Assiniboine River is taking its leisurely way, behind that irregular strip of timber, to join the Red River. Another half hour and he is at Portage la Prairie - a city, quaintly named; the smallest of the three Manitoba cities.