Measurement of latency during real-time video transmission for remote supervision of agricultural machines
Loading...
Date
2021
Authors
Green, Mitchell
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Autonomous vehicles will have an increasing presence in the agricultural world in the coming decades and third-party remote observation is likely to be an important element. Few previous studies have assessed video latency as it pertains to the operation of an agricultural vehicle, and understanding variations in latency is a critical factor in designing a useful system for an operator. This study aimed to investigate real-time video latency using a Raspberry Pi as a method of video capture and remote streaming, overlaying barcode timestamps into a video stream as a method of latency calculation. A system was assembled capable of transmitting real-time video using radio and cellular transmission and used to transmit video from a field vehicle to a nearby viewer to assess differences in transmission across possible platforms for field use. Statistically significant increases were observed for latency in relation to video resolution, and cellular video latency was lower when transmitting higher resolution video in areas of good network quality, but higher than radio transmission when transmitting low quality video or in areas where cellular networks were not as robust. Based on the results we conclude that Ethernet radio or a similar point-to-point transmission system is viable as an alternative to cellular transmission for edge-of-field video surveillance when using lower resolution video. We recommend assessment of local network quality prior to any transmission system selection, and the according adjustment of transmitted video resolution such that latency for the viewer is minimized while optimizing overall quality of service.
Description
Keywords
Latency measurement, Camera, Video, Wireless networking, Autonomous vehicles, Agriculture, Delay, Raspberry pi, Video encoding, GStreamer, Video transmission, Radio transmission, Cellular transmission, Video surveillance