Nutrigenetic and metabolomic approaches to study the role of dietary antioxidants and plant bioactives in human health
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Date
2020-04-14
Authors
Eideh, Ala'a
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Abstract
The objective was to better understand the relationship between dietary antioxidants and health outcomes, using novel approaches. The first study was aimed at the characterization of a potential ascorbic acid transporter (SLC23A3), and revealed the genetic associations of ascorbic acid transporters (SLC23A2 and SLC23A3) with IBD. SLC23A3: Data sourced from gene databases were analyzed utilizing a bioinformatics approach, and gene expression was performed using RT qPCR. DNA samples of IBD patients were genotyped for SNPs on the SLC23A3. SLC23A3 (8.63 kb in size) is located on 2q35, and exhibits three splice variants encoding for 3 isoforms that vary in their transmembrane domains. Renal, hepatic, and intestinal epithelial tissues expressed substantial levels of SLC23A3. None of the variants was associated with IBD.
SLC23A2: The association of SLC23A2 with IBD was investigated. DNA samples of 288 Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) cases and controls were genotyped, followed by regression analysis. 3’UTR rs33560557 variant (A carrier) increased susceptibility to UC (OR = 7.942; 95% CI = 2.284-22.335; P < 0.05), and (A carrier and GA genotype) increased susceptibility to CD (OR = 2.566; 95% CI = 1.141-5.769; OR = 1.143; 95% CI = 0.558-2.342; P < 0.05 respectively). Variant rs33560557 may have a functional role in maintaining plasma levels of ascorbic acid in IBD patients.
The second study, a functional food “Saskatoon berry yogurt (SBY)” was examined for its functionality. A randomized, controlled, cross-over trial was conducted with 12 healthy participants. Participants were given SBY, yogurt and bread. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post-ingestion. SBY antioxidant capacity was measured, and its plasma antioxidant capacity response was measured at 0, 45, 90 and 180 min post-ingestion. Phenolic compounds and their metabolites were detected in Saskatoon berry powder (SBP), SBY, plasma, and urine. Ingesting SBY showed lower glucose response after 60 and 90 minutes than bread (P < 0.05) and higher antioxidant responses than yogurt.
Findings are meant to narrow the gap between the extensive research base on the relationship between dietary antioxidants and inflammatory diseases and the lack of conclusive, personalized dietary guidelines.
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Keywords
Antioxidant, Nutrigenetic, Metabolomic, IBD, Inflammation