Evaluation and analysis of crop inspection procedures to maintain genetic purity in pedigreed Triticum aestivum L. seed
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Ensuring genetic purity of Triticum aestivum L. is important to wheat breeders, farmers, processors, and the end consumers. The pedigreed seed production system is designed to meet quality assurance standards and to ensure the traits developed by breeders are maintained from seed to end use. With privatization of crop inspection services, there has been considerable interest in improving crop inspection procedures to increase efficiencies, increase accuracy of the inspection, and protect the seed grower and the inspector. The primary objectives of the research were to compare, differentiate, and analyze current Canadian Seed Growers’ Association (CSGA) procedures with inspection procedures from a comparable U.S. region to Manitoba and the United Kingdom, and to develop and evaluate potential improvements in the crop inspection process. A database of pedigreed wheat crop inspection reports from Manitoba between 2009 and 2012 was developed to determine the range and mean of field sizes inspected at the different pedigree levels and to evaluate the frequency of offtypes detected using existing inspection procedures. There was nearly zero correlation between field size and heterogeneity, and less than one percent of 2112 inspections had more than thirty offtypes in 60,000 sampled plants. A field validation experiment was conducted in 2014 showed Canadian inspection procedures consistently inspected the largest area of the field. A theoretical analysis of offtype pollen contamination in pedigreed wheat fields showed potential problems in subsequent generations of pedigreed seed production depending on the inheritance, contamination levels, and area contaminated. This research provided valuable information for improvement of crop inspection procedures and ensured that purity standards can be met within the pedigreed seed certification process.