Development and evaluation of passive sampling devices to characterize the sources, occurrence, and fate of polar organic contaminants in aquatic systems
dc.contributor.author | Challis, Jonathan K. | |
dc.contributor.examiningcommittee | Perreault, Helene (Chemistry) | en_US |
dc.contributor.examiningcommittee | Tomy, Gregg (Chemistry) | en_US |
dc.contributor.examiningcommittee | Wang, Feiyue (Environment and Geography) | en_US |
dc.contributor.examiningcommittee | Metcalfe, Chris (Trent University) | en_US |
dc.contributor.supervisor | Wong, Charles (Chemistry) Hanson, Mark (Environment and Geography) | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2018-12-13T22:17:48Z | |
dc.date.available | 2018-12-13T22:17:48Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2018 | en_US |
dc.date.submitted | 2018-09-13T22:37:51Z | en |
dc.degree.discipline | Chemistry | en_US |
dc.degree.level | Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The primary goal of this dissertation was to develop and evaluate an improved aquatic passive sampling device (PSD) for measurement of polar organic contaminants. Chemical uptake of current polar-PSDs (e.g., POCIS – polar organic chemical integrative sampler) is dependent on the specific environmental conditions in which the sampler is deployed (flow-rate, temperature), leading to large uncertainties when applying laboratory-derived sampling rates in-situ. A novel configuration of the diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) passive sampler was developed to overcome these challenges. The organic-DGT (o-DGT) configuration comprised a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance® sorbent binding phase and an outer agarose diffusive gel (thickness = 0.5–1.5 mm), notably excluding a polyethersulfone protective membrane which is used with all other polar-PSDs. Sampler calibration exhibited linear uptake and sufficient capacity for 34 pharmaceuticals and pesticides over typical environmental deployment times, with measured sampling rates ranging from 9–16 mL/d. Measured and modelled diffusion coefficients (D) through the outer agarose gel provided temperature-specific estimates of o-DGT sampling rates within 20% (measured-D) and 30% (modelled-D) compared to rates determined through full-sampler calibration. Boundary layer experiments in lab and field demonstrated that inclusion of the agarose diffusive gel negated boundary layer effects, suggesting that o-DGT uptake is largely insensitive to hydrodynamic conditions. The utility of o-DGT was evaluated under a variety of field conditions and performance was assessed in comparison to POCIS and grab samples. o-DGT was effective at measuring pharmaceuticals and pesticides in raw wastewater effluents, small creeks, large fast-flowing rivers, open-water lakes, and under ice at near-zero water temperatures. Concentrations measured by o-DGT were more accurate than POCIS when compared to grab samples, likely resulting from the influence in-situ conditions have on POCIS. Modelled sampling rates were successfully used to estimate semi-quantitative water concentrations of suspect wastewater contaminants using high-resolution mass spectrometry, demonstrating the unique utility of this o-DGT technique. This dissertation establishes o-DGT as a more accurate, user-friendly, and widely applicable passive sampler compared to current-use polar-PSDs. The o-DGT tool will help facilitate more accurate and efficient monitoring efforts and ultimately lead to more appropriate exposure data and environmental risk assessment. | en_US |
dc.description.note | February 2019 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Challis, J.K., Cuscito, L.D., Joudan, S., Luong, K.H., Knapp, C.W., Hanson, M.L., Wong, C.S., 2018. Inputs, source apportionment, and transboundary transport of pesticides and other polar organic contaminants along the lower Red River, Manitoba, Canada. Science of the Total Environment. 635, 803–816. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.128 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Challis, J.K., Hanson, M.L., Wong, C.S., 2016. Development and Calibration of an Organic-Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Aquatic Passive Sampler for a Diverse Suite of Polar Organic Contaminants. Analytical Chemistry. 88, 10583–10591. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02749 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Challis, J.K., Hanson, M.L., Wong, C.S., 2018. Pharmaceuticals and pesticides archived on polar passive sampling devices can be stable for up to six years. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 37, 762–767. DOI: 10.1002/etc.4012 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33594 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.rights | open access | en_US |
dc.subject | Passive sampling | en_US |
dc.subject | Polar organic contaminants | en_US |
dc.subject | Pharmaceuticals | en_US |
dc.subject | Pesticides | en_US |
dc.subject | Aquatic systems | en_US |
dc.subject | Wastewater | en_US |
dc.subject | Environmental fate | en_US |
dc.subject | Mass spectrometry | en_US |
dc.subject | Lake Winnipeg | en_US |
dc.subject | Red River | en_US |
dc.title | Development and evaluation of passive sampling devices to characterize the sources, occurrence, and fate of polar organic contaminants in aquatic systems | en_US |
dc.type | doctoral thesis | en_US |
local.subject.manitoba | yes | en_US |