Health Care Provider Perspectives during COVID-19 on Nutrition at End-of-Life in Long-Term Care

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Date
2023-12-19
Authors
Back, Lisa-Marie
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Abstract

Introduction: Older adults are admitted to long-term care (LTC) homes with advanced disease progression, complexity and acuity. There is a need for starting end-of-life (EOL) conversations earlier. Poor communication surrounding anticipated decline may result in unwanted interventions for residents and leave substitute decision makers (SDMs) feeling unsupported during the dying process. COVID-19 increases the need for earlier conversations. Objectives: (1) Examine current end-of-life nutrition related practices/standardized conversations in Canadian LTC homes with health care providers (HCPs) (2) Determine the acceptability of current EOL practices and timing of these practices in LTC homes among staff in Canada (3) Examine starting points for initiating informal EOL discussions between residents, substitute decision makers, and HCPs in LTC (4) Determine the impact of COVID-19 on EOL discussions. Methods: An online survey was sent to LTC HCPs across Canada from April 21 to July 30, 2021. Participant demographics, facility characteristics, information on current EOL policy and practice, and changes during COVID-19 was collected. Seventy completed surveys were analyzed using descriptive statistics (100% Female; 40.8 years ±11.54), Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Tests. Results: Participants included registered dietitians (82.6%), nurses (10.1%), administrators (2.9%), speech language pathologists, social workers, and occupational therapists (4.2%). Most represented provinces included British Columbia (31.4%), New Brunswick (22.9%), and Manitoba (20.0%). Seventy-Two percent of respondents indicated their LTC home had no policy outlining who is responsible for initiating EOL conversations or when EOL conversations should occur (73.6%). HCPs ranked their preferred times to initiate EOL conversations as on admission, as requested by the SDM, or as identified by the HCP. Respondents indicated they were comfortable/confident with nutrition at EOL conversations with residents (77.4%) and SDMs (87.1%). A total of 19 variables were examined as contributing to HCP comfort/confidence. None were statistically significant (alpha 0.05). HCPs found nutrition at EOL conversations more stressful during COVID 19. Conclusion: HCPs indicate they are comfortable/confident with nutrition at EOL conversations. However, HCPs feel timing of informal EOL conversations could start as early as on admission. During COVID-19, HCPs had feelings of increased stress with EOL discussions. This stress may be due to the government restrictions that were implemented resulting in understaffing, and increased workloads.

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Keywords
End-of-Life, Nutrition, Long-Term Care, COVID-19, Health Care Provider
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