Podocalyxin enhances breast tumor growth and metastasis and is a target for monoclonal antibody therapy

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dc.contributor.authorSnyder, Kimberly A
dc.contributor.authorHughes, Michael R
dc.contributor.authorHedberg, Bradley
dc.contributor.authorBrandon, Jill
dc.contributor.authorHernaez, Diana C
dc.contributor.authorBergqvist, Peter
dc.contributor.authorCruz, Frederic
dc.contributor.authorPo, Kelvin
dc.contributor.authorGraves, Marcia L
dc.contributor.authorTurvey, Michelle E
dc.contributor.authorNielsen, Julie S
dc.contributor.authorWilkins, John A
dc.contributor.authorMcColl, Shaun R
dc.contributor.authorBabcook, John S
dc.contributor.authorRoskelley, Calvin D
dc.contributor.authorMcNagny, Kelly M
dc.date.accessioned2015-10-07T15:26:30Z
dc.date.available2015-10-07T15:26:30Z
dc.date.issued2015-03-27
dc.date.updated2015-10-06T22:52:19Z
dc.description.abstractAbstract Introduction Podocalyxin (gene name PODXL) is a CD34-related sialomucin implicated in the regulation of cell adhesion, migration and polarity. Upregulated expression of podocalyxin is linked to poor patient survival in epithelial cancers. However, it is not known if podocalyxin has a functional role in tumor progression. Methods We silenced podocalyxin expression in the aggressive basal-like human (MDA-MB-231) and mouse (4T1) breast cancer cell lines and also overexpressed podocalyxin in the more benign human breast cancer cell line, MCF7. We evaluated how podocalyxin affects tumorsphere formation in vitro and compared the ability of podocalyxin-deficient and podocalyxin-replete cell lines to form tumors and metastasize using xenogenic or syngeneic transplant models in mice. Finally, in an effort to develop therapeutic treatments for systemic cancers, we generated a series of antihuman podocalyxin antibodies and screened these for their ability to inhibit tumor progression in xenografted mice. Results Although deletion of podocalyxin does not alter gross cell morphology and growth under standard (adherent) culture conditions, expression of PODXL is required for efficient formation of tumorspheres in vitro. Correspondingly, silencing podocalyxin resulted in attenuated primary tumor growth and invasiveness in mice and severely impaired the formation of distant metastases. Likewise, in competitive tumor engraftment assays where we injected a 50:50 mixture of control and shPODXL (short-hairpin RNA targeting PODXL)-expressing cells, we found that podocalyxin-deficient cells exhibited a striking decrease in the ability to form clonal tumors in the lung, liver and bone marrow. Finally, to validate podocalyxin as a viable target for immunotherapy, we screened a series of novel antihuman podocalyxin antibodies for their ability to inhibit tumor progression in vivo. One of these antibodies, PODOC1, potently blocked tumor growth and metastasis. Conclusions We show that podocalyxin plays a key role in the formation of primary tumors and distant tumor metastasis. In addition, we validate podocalyxin as potential target for monoclonal antibody therapy to inhibit primary tumor growth and systemic dissemination.
dc.identifier.citationBreast Cancer Research. 2015 Mar 27;17(1):46
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13058-015-0562-7
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/30874
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.rightsopen accessen_US
dc.rights.holderSnyder et al.; licensee BioMed Central.
dc.titlePodocalyxin enhances breast tumor growth and metastasis and is a target for monoclonal antibody therapy
dc.typeJournal Article
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