Research Documents and Reports
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/23309
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , James Bay Expedition 2021 Cruise Report(Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, 2022-04-13) Kamula, M.; Kuzyk, Z.; Mundy, CJWith funding support from NSERC ($168,000) and Oceans North ($126,000), a research consortium led by the University of Manitoba carried out an oceanographic research expedition to James Bay during August 1-17, 2021. The expedition is the first of two planned expeditions intended to update our knowledge of the oceanography of James Bay.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , James Bay Expedition 2022 Cruise Report(Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, 2023-06-06) Ausen, Emma; Fedirchuk, Grace; Mundy, CJ; Ehn, Jens; Kuzyk, Zou Zou AWith funding support from NSERC and Oceans North NGO, a research consortium led by researchers at the Centre for Earth Observation Science (CEOS), University of Manitoba (UM), carried out an oceanographic research expedition to James Bay and nearby waters during July 20–August 26, 2022. This James Bay Expedition (JBE) 2022 was the second of two oceanographic research cruises to James Bay aboard the RV William Kennedy intended to update our understanding of the oceanography of this system. The first phase of the JBE took place in summer 2021 and accomplished oceanographic sampling throughout James Bay as well as deployment of five oceanographic moorings intended to monitor subsurface conditions for year-long periods. During summer 2022, the moorings were recovered and sampling was repeated at a number of stations throughout James Bay. The summer 2022 program also expanded oceanographic data coverage to include the waters surrounding the Belcher Islands in southeastern Hudson Bay, which receives outflow from James Bay.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Nutrient inputs from subarctic rivers into the Hudson Bay system(2019) Lee, Jang HanLittle information exists concerning the riverine supply of inorganic nutrients and its consequences on primary production in the Hudson Bay system (HB), a large subarctic inland sea that is impacted by rapid climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. In order to provide a reference point by which future changes can be evaluated, we estimated fluxes of nitrate (N), phosphate (P) and silicate (Si) using contemporary and historical nutrient data in conjunction with discharge rates generated by 3 different global climate models. Several key points can be highlighted. Firstly, the N:P and Si:N molar ratios of river nutrient fluxes exhibit large contrasts between different sectors of HB, which is attributed to variable geological settings in the watersheds. Generally, low N:P and high Si:N ratios imply that river waters are characterized by a severe deficit of nitrate with respect to the needs of primary producers. Secondly, seasonality in nutrient concentrations and ratios were apparent in the sampled rivers at different times of years. While the regulation of river flow in the Nelson and La Grande rivers had no discernible impact on nutrient concentrations and ratios, it clearly shifted nutrient transports toward the winter when biological activity in the estuaries is reduced. Thirdly, the southwestern rivers made the largest contributions of each nutrient flux to the total annual nutrient deliveries, with the modest contributions from the south and east rivers, and with the lowest contributions from the northwestern rivers. Finally, the combined nitrate input by all rivers was nearly two orders of magnitude (ca. 2.0 × 10^10 g N) lower than the estimated vertical re-supply of nitrate to the surface during winter in offshore waters of HB (ca. 1.2 × 10^12 g N). The potential contribution of river nutrients to new primary production is therefore small at HB scale but can be significant locally.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Impact of ice covers on diel vertical migration of zooplankton in the Arctic marine environment(2019) Petrusevich, VladislavDiel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplanktonis a process of synchronized movement of the organisms from the mesopelagic zone up to the epipelagic zone at night and returning back during the day. DVM is considered to be the largest synchronized diel movement of biomasson the planet. It also acts as a biological pump in transferring organic carbon from the surface of the ocean to depth.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Sediments and sea ice deformation: UAV observations of sea ice topography evolution throughout the melt season(2019) Harasyn, MadisonMotivation * Sediments are hypothesized to enhance the rate of sea ice surface melt by decreasing surface albedo * Enhanced surface melt influences the sea ice surface topography/roughness, as well as increasing surface wetness * As a result, sediment presence on the ice surface could impact both optical and radiometric satellite-borne measurements (through changes in albedo and surface wetness, respectively)Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Response of biological communities to a seasonal freshwater gradient in southwestern Hudson Bay, Canada(2019) Dalman, LauraThe aim of this study is to examine the role of regulated rivers on bottom ice algal communities and phytoplankton by investigating the following objectives along a salinity gradient: 1. Examine the influence of the river plume on ice algal and phytoplankton production from the estuary to the marine system 2. Examine the variability in ice algal biomass and nutrient availability 3. Investigate the influence of the river output on taxonomic compositionItem type: Item , Access status: Open Access , An optical assessment of the nelson/hayes river plume dispersion extent in hudson bay (canada)(2019) Basu, AtreyaThe Nelson/Hayes River (NHR), located in the southwestern edge of the Hudson Bay (HB) (Canada) (Fig. 1) contributed approximately 47% of the mean annual discharge of the western HB during the period 1964-2013 (Déry et al, 2016). This voluminous freshwater input controls the ocean processes in the south western to southern HB. Moreover hydroelectric regulation of the Nelson River has modified the discharge resulting in an increased winter discharge and flattened summer hydrograph . This called for a need to investigate the revised seasonal signals of the river runoff in a spatio-temporal scale. Ocean color remote sensing approach provides a convenient way to study the mixed layer processes within the photic depth limit (Wozniak et al, 2010). This study has attempted to detect the NHR plume dispersion limit using color dissolved organic matter (CDOM) as the ocean color proxy for terrestrial discharge, (Fichot et al, 2013).Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Simulating hydroelectric regulation and climate change in the Hudson Bay drainage basin.(2018) Tefs, AndrewBeginning in the 1960s and increasing through to the present, regulation of reservoirs for hydroelectric generation has become more prevalent in the Nelson Churchill River Basin and the La Grande Rivière Complex, together making up close to half of the total freshwater flux entering Hudson Bay annually. Coincident with hydroelectric development, the effects of climate change have intensified and are more pronounced at higher latitudes, affecting the majority of the Hudson Bay Drainage Basin (HBDB). Whether the effects of climate change and hydroelectric regulation are additive or offsetting is unclear, creating uncertainty as to the driving cause of the observed changes; with added complication due to the relatively poor representation of regulation in continental-scale hydrologic models. This work aims to quantifiably distinguish the impacts of climate change and hydroelectric regulation on the majority of the freshwater supply to Hudson Bay by running two parallel sets of hydrological simulations using the HYPE model. The first set improves reservoir regulation in HYPE, and the second creates a wholly re-naturalized set of simulations with no anthropogenic influence. An ensemble of the Phase 5 Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) drive simulations over the HBDB at a daily time-step from 1981 to 2070. By subjecting both models (regulated and re-naturalized) to climate change, the effects of hydroelectric regulation can be isolated and quantifiably distinguished from climate change. This research improves the performance of a hydrological model in a highly regulated system, and further succeeds in distinguishing the spatio-temporal scales of different change factors. Intra-annual changes of flow timing are primarily due to hydroelectric regulation, inter-annual change is driven by upstream storage, and inter-decadal impacts are the result of climate change. With these results, a variety of additional simulations (i.e., sea-ice, carbon-cycling, biogeochemical) can be run to ascertain the overall health of Hudson Bay and the effects of climate change and reservoir detention can be attributed quantitatively.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Assessing the Relative Contributions of Input, Structural, Parameter, and Output Uncertainties to Total Uncertainty in Hydrologic Modeling(2019) Pokorny, ScottThe simulation of physical environments by hydrologic models has become common as computational power has increased. It is well known that, to simulate the hydrology of a physical environment, simplifications of that environment are needed. The simplified versions of hydrologic processes generate uncertainty, in addition to ingesting uncertainty from input data. The uncertainty from one modeling step affects the next through propagation. Although computational power has increased through time, the computational demand for uncertainty analysis still remains a common limiting factor on the level of detail an uncertainty analysis can be conducted with. This thesis generates an estimate of total uncertainty propagated from input, structural, and parameter uncertainties for the Nelson River in the Lower Nelson River Basin near the outlet to Hudson Bay, as part of the BaySys project. Each source of uncertainty was relatively partitioned for determination of the most valuable source of uncertainty for consideration in an operational environment with a limited computational budget. The results of this thesis show the complex spatial and temporal variation present in gridded climate data. This thesis also presents an ensemble-based methodology to account for the input uncertainty associated with gridded climate data subject to propagation. The ensemble of input data was propagated through an ensemble of hydrologic models. Relative sensitivities of model parameters were shown to vary temporally and based on performance metrics, suggesting that aggregated performance metrics obscure information. Lastly, relative partitions of uncertainty were compared through cumulative distribution functions. Accounting for all sources of uncertainty appeared valuable towards improving streamflow predictability, however, structural uncertainty may be the most valuable in an operational environment with a limited computational budget followed by input, and parameter uncertainty.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Response to the Province of Manitoba “Engaging Manitobans on Water Management(Center for Earth Observation Science, Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba, 2021-08-13) Barber, David; Papakyriakou, Tim; Pflugmacher, Stephan; McCullough, Greg; Herbert, ClaireAs the Province of Manitoba engages with Manitobans on a Water Management Strategy, we must keep in mind that our freshwater is not an endless resource. We have to live with our finite water resources and understand that we are all responsible to keep water healthy and accessible to everyone. Access to clean water is a basic human right, mandated by many countries, including the United Nations. Freshwater should not be thought of as a separate (or self-contained) issue from the rest of the hydrosphere and cryospheric systems of our planet. The impact of hemispheric and especially Arctic climate on freshwater in the mid and lower latitudes in Canada is integral to understanding how to manage freshwater resources. While we understand this is a Manitoba strategy as acknowledged in the Guiding Principles in the Water Management Strategy document, water is a transboundary issue, both provincially and nationally.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Le programme de surveillance des conditions météorologiques(University of Manitoba, 2021) Herbert, Claire; Candlish, LaurenWater-weather keeper and water quality monitor pilot programs were developed in coordination with the MMF and were designed to build Métis capacity in water quality management activities and increase Métis ability to make science-based decisions about climate and nutrient issues in the basin. These programs will underpin a co-developed and jointly managed monitoring network that will allow for a system-level understanding of how the MBGL respond to land-use change and variability in weather, including those elements influenced by regional changes in climate. Des programmes pilotes de surveillance des conditions météorologiques et de la qualité de l’eau ont été mis sur pied en collaboration avec la MMF et conçus pour accroître la capacité métisse à se livrer à des activités de gestion de la qualité de l’eau et prendre des décisions scientifiques sur les questions de climat et de nutriments dans le bassin. Ces programmes soutiendront un réseau de surveillance créé et géré conjointement afin de mieux comprendre le système et la manière dont les MBGL répondent aux modifications d’utilisation des terres et variables météorologiques, notamment aux éléments influencés par les changements climatiques régionaux.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , The Weather Keeper Program(University of Manitoba, 2021) Herbert, Claire; Candlish, LaurenWater-weather keeper and water quality monitor pilot programs were developed in coordination with the MMF and were designed to build Métis capacity in water quality management activities and increase Métis ability to make science-based decisions about climate and nutrient issues in the basin. These programs will underpin a co-developed and jointly managed monitoring network that will allow for a system-level understanding of how the MBGL respond to land-use change and variability in weather, including those elements influenced by regional changes in climate.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , L’Prâgramme dju Gardjiein d’la Mitiô(University of Manitoba, 2021) Herbert, Claire; Candlish, LaurenWater-weather keeper and water quality monitor pilot programs were developed in coordination with the MMF and were designed to build Métis capacity in water quality management activities and increase Métis ability to make science-based decisions about climate and nutrient issues in the basin. These programs will underpin a co-developed and jointly managed monitoring network that will allow for a system-level understanding of how the MBGL respond to land-use change and variability in weather, including those elements influenced by regional changes in climate. Li prâgramme pilotte di survèyans d’ô, di gardjiein d’la mitio pi d’la kaliti d’l’ô, la iti div’loppi avek la MMF pour bâchirre la kapasiti Métisse dan li aktiviti d’jeschyon d’la kaliti d’l’ô pi, pour ferre di disission bâzi su la sians, su li prâblemme dju l’klimâ pi li nutriman dan l’bassein. Si prâgramme-lâ sa vâ souchieinde ein résô d’survèyans ko-div’loppi pi jéri konjweintman, ke vâ parmette enne konprianssion ô nivô dju sistemme, su koman li MBGL sa riaji a di shanjman d’afektassion di terre, di tanprachurre einstab pi li z’iliman ke sonta einfluansi par di shanjman d’klimâ rijiânal.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Survèyans d’la Kaliti d’l’Ô par li Prâgramme di Gran Lak dju Manitoba(University of Manitoba, 2021) Herbert, Claire; Candlish, LaurenThe upper Manitoba Great Lakes (MBGL – Lakes Manitoba, Winnipegosis and Waterhen) act as filters that intercept nutrient flow from the Lake Winnipeg watershed, both as natural nutrient sinks and especially through operation of the Portage Diversion. Sample sites were established on all three lakes to measure physical parameters such as conductivity, temperature, depth, oxygen and light, as well as taking water samples to measure water chemistry and biological samples for algae and zooplankton. Li Gran Lak supirieurre dju Manitoba (MBGL – Lak Manitoba, Winnipegosis pi Waterhen) sa li kom di filte ksa l’anpêsh li nutriman d’kouli dju bassein idrografik varsan dju Lak Winnipeg, kom ein pwi d’nutriman nachurel pi, surtou, par li opirassion dju Kanal di Dirivassion d’Portage. Sa lâ itabli di sitte d’ishanchiyonaj su li twa lak pour misuri li paramêt fizik, kom la kondâkchiviti, la tanprachurre, la prâfondeurre, l’âxijêne pi la limyerre, pi même prande di ishanchiyon d’l’ô pour misuri la shimi d’l’ô pi misuri di ishanchiyon biâlojik pour l’alg pi dju zooplankton.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Le contrôle de la qualité de l’eau par le Programme des grands lacs du Manitoba(University of Manitoba, 2021) Herbert, Claire; Candlish, LaurenThe upper Manitoba Great Lakes (MBGL – Lakes Manitoba, Winnipegosis and Waterhen) act as filters that intercept nutrient flow from the Lake Winnipeg watershed, both as natural nutrient sinks and especially through operation of the Portage Diversion. Sample sites were established on all three lakes to measure physical parameters such as conductivity, temperature, depth, oxygen and light, as well as taking water samples to measure water chemistry and biological samples for algae and zooplankton. Les grands lacs supérieurs du Manitoba (MBGL), soit les lacs Manitoba, Winnipegosis et Waterhen, agissent comme des filtres interceptant le flux de nutriments en provenance du bassin hydrographique du lac Winnipeg, à la fois comme puits de nutriments et tout particulièrement par l’opération de dérivation Portage. Des sites d’échantillonnage ont été établis sur les trois lacs afin de mesurer des paramètres physiques comme, par exemple, la conductivité, la température, la profondeur, l’oxygène et la lumière, et pour le prélèvement d’échantillons d’eau afin de mesurer ses propriétés chimiques et d’échantillons biologiques pour les algues et le zooplancton.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Monitoring Water Quality through the Manitoba Great Lakes Program(University of Manitoba, 2021) Herbert, Claire; Candlish, LaurenThe upper Manitoba Great Lakes (MBGL – Lakes Manitoba, Winnipegosis and Waterhen) act as filters that intercept nutrient flow from the Lake Winnipeg watershed, both as natural nutrient sinks and especially through operation of the Portage Diversion. Sample sites were established on all three lakes to measure physical parameters such as conductivity, temperature, depth, oxygen and light, as well as taking water samples to measure water chemistry and biological samples for algae and zooplankton.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , L’Prâgramme di Gran Lak dju Manitoba(University of Manitoba, 2021) Herbert, Claire; Candlish, LaurenThe Manitoba Great Lakes (MBGL) Program is a climatological and limnological research program focused on the upper Manitoba Great Lakes. L’Prâgramme di Gran Lak dju Manitoba (MBGL) l’ita ein prâgramme di r’shersh klimatâlogik pi limnâlogik, konsantri su li Gran Lak supirieurre dju Manitoba.