Engineering Undergraduate Theses

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/3992

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Access status: Open Access ,
StepFree stair climber design
(2025-06-19) Barteaux, Missy; Derksen, Patricia; Ilyas, Joshua; Sanderson, Lily; Wahid, Wardah; Jacobson, Natasha; Petkau, Don; White, James; Topping, Aidan
The goal of this project was to develop a wheelchair stair climber to help manual wheelchair users navigate their environments safely and with greater ease. This device addresses the challenge that stairs pose to our client and other wheelchair users, who have difficulty accessing a variety of spaces due to the lack of accessible infrastructure. The StepFree stair climber, operated with assistance, improves accessibility for our client. During the design process the key requirements considered were smooth and stable operation, compatibility with different staircases and different wheelchairs, and affordability for the client. Additional criteria, such as cost, manufacturability, portability, force reduction ability, user comfort and safety were also evaluated. A tracked wheel design, inspired by high traction mechanisms like those in tanks excavators, best met these requirements. The StepFree stair climber consists of a dolly-like frame, in which, the user in their wheelchair is secured facing away from the stairs. The frame features tracked wheels which are fixed at an angle such that they can rest on the stairs and transport the device up or down. To achieve controlled and smooth movement up and down the stairs, a button-controlled motorized system, powered by a lithium-ion battery, was used. This system allows the user to be safely transported with minimal force required by the operator. The StepFree stair climber successfully passed the weight capacity test, carrying over 90 kg of weight without any detectable deflection. Additionally, the device met all collapsible size requirements and had an average device set up time of 4 minutes and 30 seconds, well within the desired time frame and the electrical housing proved to be water-resistant. The device was able to be adjusted to accommodate most wheelchairs tested in a width range of 40-70 cm. Unfortunately, the team was unable to test for the operator force input requirement, number of stairs accommodated and battery life under load, due to the tracks not rotating in the completed assembly. As a result, these tests were considered failed and reported in the verification procedure. The total project cost was $1,844, reflecting the expenses of a first-generation prototype. However, with industrial-scale manufacturing and custom-made parts, the final product price can be significantly reduced. In future iterations or modifications of this device, it is recommended that a lighter-weight track system and a more powerful motor be selected to better suit the application. A lighter material is recommended for the frame to increase ease of transport, and modifications to the frame and wheel bracket dimensions would increase the range of wheelchairs compatible with the device. By addressing this specific accessibility challenge, the StepFree stair climber has the potential to improve the lives of other manual wheelchair users facing challenges in similar environments.
Access status: Open Access ,
Horizontal grain aeration testing and measurement system
(2025-06-19) Wolfe, Annika; Maruhe, Mackdonald; Abosheloua, Mohamed; Le Heiget, Stephane; Jacobson, Natasha; Petkau, Don; White, James; Topping, Aidan
Farmers around Canada, specifically in Manitoba, predominantly utilize vertical grain aeration in their post-harvest grain storage systems to extend the storage life of the grain. Using horizontal aeration presents a more energy-efficient alternative to vertical aeration. However, manufacturers lack the information and theoretical calculations necessary to optimize the design of horizontal aeration systems. This means that despite its advantages, manufacturers remain hesitant to adopt horizontal systems due to insufficient data to inform their design. This project aimed to address this issue on behalf of Dr. Fuji Jian and the grain storage research group at the University of Manitoba. The project focused on creating a bench-scale device for testing and measuring air resistance in horizontal grain aeration systems. The device measures the performance of horizontal airflow through an aeration system that results from different types of grain and system configurations. Project deliverables included the constructed and verified device, and preliminary testing and data collection for future Ph.D. research and eventual industry application. The project's technical specifications were verified to ensure that the final prototype would meet the client's demands for a grain bin that could hold a load of grain and measure the performance of horizontal grain aeration. A structural design was carried out to ensure that the grain bin could hold a whole load of grain during operation. Other verifications included testing the radial airflow uniformity, whether vertical airflow is negligible, and adapting the grain bin to be used with various system configurations. The grain bin was found to satisfy all the criteria required by the client. The overall project successfully provided a method to measure horizontal grain aeration performance from the data collected. There are several recommendations for how to improve this project further. The main recommendation is to minimize instrumentation in the grain bin. A combination of pitot tubes and mass flow sensors were used to measure airflow. This combination provides highly detailed measurements, but the consequence is several disruptions to the airflow. Replacing or reducing the instrumentation disruption to the airflow would be reduced, producing higher quality results. Additionally, some operation procedure improvements are recommended to help future researchers transition to working with pilot-scale prototypes.
Access status: Open Access ,
Development of a rubber tire-derived asphalt binder product
(2025-06-19) Harris, Abigail; Sutherland, Kate; Wainikka, Tori; Yarechewski, Zach; Jacobson, Natasha; Topping, Aidan; Petkau, Don; White, James
The processing of rubber tire waste poses significant health and environmental risks, while potholes pose safety risks to commuters and patches often provide a temporary and unreliable solution to roadway maintenance. The incorporation of rubber tire waste into pothole patches offers a sustainable solution to both problems. The use of rubber tire waste in asphalt pothole patches has shown improvement in structural properties. Improved structural properties include resistance to rutting, fatigue, thermal cracking, and high temperature failure. The main components of asphalt mixtures are aggregates and binder materials. Asphalt mixes have displayed success with modification of rubber for virgin components, such as aggregates and binder. Reliable Tire Recycling is a Manitoba company which converts rubber tire waste materials into value added products. This project explores the incorporation of crumb rubber obtained from Reliable Tire Recycling into an asphalt binder. Four (4) asphalt binder samples were prepared with high-speed shear mixing which included a virgin binder sample as a control and samples with varying quantities of crumb rubber and warm mix additives. Quality of rubber was confirmed to meet technical specifications for moisture content, fiber and metal content, and crumb rubber size prior to mixing. Following mixing, each sample was subjected to verification tests to quantify success. The tests displayed results for the rheological and mechanical properties of the binders. The properties indicate the binders’ performance at high temperatures, resistance to common modes of failure, and workability. The results displayed that an increase in rubber led to an increase in the viscoelastic properties. This indicates an improved resistance to rutting and fatigue failure. However, incorporation of warm mix additives increased viscosity more than double the binder mix at the same rubber quantity. This indicates poor workability of the mix with incorporations of warm mix additives. Further research on rubber use in asphalt binders for pothole patching is recommended. Additional testing should be conducted on rubber-modified binder samples to analyze cold temperature performance and the effects of long-term aging. It is recommended to mix and test more formulas with varying quantities of crumb rubber to optimize the results.
Access status: Open Access ,
NRC – automated compost mixing tool
(2025-06-19) Al-Fakih, Ayat; Odaisky, Danika; Patel, Karan; Ramos, Sam; Jacobson, Natasha; Petkau, Don; Topping, Aidan; White, James
The National Research Council (NRC) requires an automated compost stirring device to replace the current manual process used in its biodegradability testing of plastics. Lab technicians spend four hours each week manually mixing compost in 48 glass vessels, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and causes ergonomic hazards to technicians. The objective of this project is to automate the process by ensuring uniform mixing, reducing labor, and maintaining the integrity of the glass vessels used for testing. The design combines internal and external mechanisms for effective operation. The internal mechanism features a segmented auger to break compost clumps, a wiper blade to scrape compost from vessel walls, and a grate-holding sleeve to secure the metal grate and prevent scratches on the glass vessel, enabling mixing of compost with varying consistencies. The external mechanism consists of a motor with adjustable speeds, a secure clamping system, and a user-friendly control panel allowing a single operator to set up and mix all 48 vessels in under four hours. Users set up the device by assembling internal components, placing the vessel in the frame, lowering the motor-lid system, and activating the mixer via a speed-adjustable control, reducing manual effort to a simple, ergonomic process. The verification process confirmed the design’s success in achieving goals for durability, safety, cost, ease of use, and size. The device operates quietly and supports single operator use, significantly reducing manual effort while meeting key safety and operational requirements. Tests for compost uniformity and spillage tolerance require further evaluation due to clamping challenges at high speeds. This offers areas for engineering recommendations, such as improving automation and user-friendliness. The device improves the efficiency and reliability of biodegradability testing while reducing strain on lab technicians.
Access status: Open Access ,
Optimizing soilless substrates and germination pods with Typha fiber
(2025-06-19) Duha, Dylan; Mooney, Hannah; Dupuis, Janelle; Tremblay, Spencer; Jacobson, Natasha; Topping, Aidan; White, James; Petkau, Don
This report presents the development of a peat-free seed germination pod utilizing Typha-based soilless media. In collaboration with Typha Co., the project builds on prior research done by the 2024 Typha capstone team on optimizing Typha-based growing media. The objective of this project is to provide a sustainable alternative to peat-based seed germinations pods within the commercial floriculture industry. The project focused on improving the Typha-based media by incorporating soil amendments including perlite, pine fibre, and biochar. A six-week growth trial of petunia seedlings was conducted in a hydroponic wall system to assess the impact of these amendments on plant growth. Twelve different compositions of amended Typha-based media were tested against conventional growth substrates. Additionally, 11 technical specifications were identified to evaluate how the chemical and physical properties of amended Typha-based media compare to those of peat. Primary technical specifications include water holding capacity, nitrogen immobilization, and pH. The research also investigated the feasibility of forming Typha-based media into seed germination pods by application of a binding agent. Agar, yucca powder, molasses, and flaxseed mucilage were tested as binding agents during seed pod design. Binder performance was evaluated by structural integrity, impact resistance, and rehydration properties of the seed pod to ensure durability during transportation and usability in greenhouse settings. Growth trials showed that [REDACTED]. Further testing for the manufacturing process is recommended. By leveraging Typha’s nutrient retention and release properties, this project provides a sustainable media alternative for floriculture consumers, while also contributing to the ecological restoration of Lake Winnipeg. The development of a cost-effective solution has the potential for wide-scale adoption, reducing reliance on peat and its environmental impact. This approach aligns with the growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices, offering both environmental and economic benefits.
Access status: Open Access ,
Reliable Tire Recycling – development of a playground tile product
(2025-06-19) Pattharwala, Ayushi; Munro, Cam; Chaytoo, Chunanda; Kolbauer, Lhili; Petkau, Don; Jacobson, Natasha; White, James; Topping, Aidan
The Reliable Tire Recycling (RTR) Playground Tile Project aims to develop an innovative, sustainable, and safe playground surfacing solution made from recycled rubber tires. This project was initiated to repurpose waste rubber into a functional, high-performance product. Playground tiles made of such material are not widely available in Canada which this project aims to address. The project was completed in collaboration with RTR, Manitoba’s leading tire recycling company, to expand their product line. The playground tile is designed to meet ASTM F1292 impact attenuation safety standards, contribute to environmental sustainability, and enhance product innovation in the recycled rubber industry specifically in Canada. The design process involved extensive research and experimentation in several key areas: material composition, tile shape, connection method, aesthetics, and manufacturing. The final material formula was selected based on performance test results that met the expected safety rating but also ensured durability, impact resistance, and ease of production. The Team developed a unique base design with a channelled, grid structure to improve shock absorption and water drainage, further enhancing the product’s safety and longevity. Additionally, a dowel pin connection system was implemented to facilitate secure and easy tile assembly, improving product usability in playground installations. The tile’s visual appearance was improved with the integration of coloured rubber from recycled shoes to which added a potential avenue for future product development at RTR. To ensure the tiles met the main design objectives and specifications, various verification procedures were conducted. The Triax Impact Test in accordance with ASTM F1292 confirmed that the material composition and design features achieved the critical fall height desired by the client for playground applications. Additional tests evaluated the tile’s performance under different environmental conditions including extreme temperatures and moisture resistance. These evaluations demonstrated the tile’s durability and suitability for outdoor use, confirming its potential as a marketable product for RTR. By successfully developing a high-quality playground tile using recycled rubber, this project not only contributes to sustainable waste management but also provides RTR with a viable, eco-friendly addition to their product line. The results validate the potential for further research and commercialization.
Access status: Open Access ,
1/6th scale grain cart
(2025-06-19) Martens, Ben; De La O Morales, Josue Daniel; Amadi, Sobulachi; Salm, Katryna; Amenta, Fiorella; Jacobson, Natasha; Topping, Aidan; White, James; Petkau, Don
This project aimed to design and build a 1/6th scale HaulMaster 2500 grain cart for Elmer’s Manufacturing. A grain cart is an agricultural vehicle designed to transport grain from the field to a storage truck or facility. This vehicle features several subsystems including the tank, mainframe, auger, and hitch which all aid in the main functions of the grain cart. The scaled-down grain cart will be used as a showpiece by Elmer’s Manufacturing to allow for easy visibility of internal features and will help to reduce hesitancy in farmers regarding purchasing new machinery. The grain cart will also be used to increase convenience in software testing done by Elmer’s Manufacturing. The final 1/6th scale grain cart is required to closely resemble the full-scale HaulMaster 2500, in both aesthetics and functionality. The first project objective was to redesign the grain cart by scaling down subsystems and creating them on Autodesk Inventor, a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software. This led to challenges associated with changing load capacities, unscalable components, and manufacturability. Features that could not be scaled-down were replaced with components – such as sensors and actuators - that fit the redesigned model. All subsystems were scaled down to closely resemble the full-scale model. The mainframe features a redesign of the undercarriage and steering system, and all moving components besides the steering system, have been replaced with fixed pieces. The secondary project objective was to build and assemble the scaled-down grain cart. The team has fully completed the building of the scaled-down grain cart and has conducted tests to ensure they meet all target specifications discussed with the client, such as a dimension, weight, and mobility specifications. The final dimensions of the grain cart are 6.74’x3.43’x3.71’ with a final empty cart weight of 308.8lbs. For the continuation of this project, the team primarily recommends replacing the fixed pieces to be able to implement the moving components, integrating the electrical system to power the moving components, and optimizing and improving upon the build process. In conclusion, this project successfully modelled and assembled a scaled-down version of the HaulMaster 2500 grain cart. This will support Elmer’s Manufacturing in software testing and demonstrating their product’s features, helping farmers gain confidence in adopting modern agricultural technology.
Access status: Open Access ,
Anderson Orthopedics Inc. project design report
(2025-06-19) Frolek, Madan; Marquez, Izabella; Purcha, Katrina; Schinkel, Amber; Vyas, Karisma; Jacobson, Natasha; Topping, Aidan; White, James; Petkau, Don
Anderson Orthopedics seeks to improve the production of transtibial sockets for individuals with below-the-knee amputations by addressing inefficiencies in its existing manufacturing processes. This design solution develops a streamlined and sustainable set of standard operating procedures that incorporate digital technologies. This approach reduces production time and hands-on labour, while maintaining high-quality patient care and satisfaction. The design solution combines Anderson Orthopedics' traditional manual casting method with advanced digital technologies. These technologies include the Vorum Spectra Scanner for 3D scanning and the Canfit computer automated design software for socket modification. To 3D print the sockets, two new programs are introduced in the standard operating procedures for designing. These programs are SolidWorks and SuperSlicer. 3D printing the sockets with two chosen filaments will significantly reduce hands-on labour, eliminate the need for external outsourcing, and reduce production time for both non-weightbearing and weightbearing sockets. Preliminary testing has assessed the design solution’s feasibility through physical property tests (e.g., socket volume retention, diameter retention, subtractive modification), satisfaction surveys, and evaluations of overall manufacturing efficiency. This testing has proven the new process meets Anderson Orthopedics' standards for quality and patient care. The design solution presented encountered key limitations in 3D printer access, and future recommendations have been provided to improve socket aesthetics, transparency, and structural performance. Addressing these limitations can further improve both the socket quality and the patient experience at Anderson Orthopedics. The new process reduces hands-on labour time by 22.1% for both the weightbearing and non-weightbearing sockets. Additionally, it decreases overall production time by 6.7% for the weightbearing socket and 26.4% for the non-weightbearing socket. This design solution offers valuable insights into an innovative and efficient prosthetic manufacturing approach for Anderson Orthopedics, reinforcing their commitment to sustainability and excellence.
Access status: Open Access ,
Design and Manufacture a Murphy Bed Lock for Wood Products Unlimited (WPU)
(2024-07-23) Lee, Michelle; Davis, Nicole; Patrick, Dylan; Kosasi, Marko; Petkau, Don; White, James; Jacobson, Natasha
A Murphy bed is a foldable bed frame that can be vertically stored against a wall when not in use to save space. Wood Products Unlimited (WPU) is a Canadian-based manufacturer that makes and sells a Murphy bed product, the Embed. WPU wants a locking mechanism designed for the Embed that customers can choose to purchase with the Embed as an optional add-on. The purpose of the locking mechanism feature is to enhance overall safety and help avoid misuse of the Murphy bed. A few key features of the locking mechanism include a 12V DC power supply that will power a keypad and two solenoids. Each solenoid and its electrical circuit are protected by a steel case mounted at each corner of the bottom rear bed frame to increase the strength and durability of the attachment of the solenoids to the bed. The locking mechanism works by allowing authorized users of the bed to lock and unlock the Murphy bed using the keypad. When the bed is in the closed position, the extended solenoid pins restrict bed movement and lock it upward. The authorized user can use the keypad to control the solenoids and retract the pins so the Murphy bed can be lowered to the open position. If the authorized user wants the bed to be locked in the open position, they would have to reuse the keypad to re-extend the solenoid pins outward, which would lock the bed in the open position. Custom modifications will be made to both solenoids, such as a pin extension connected to the pin armature. A prototype testing rig was manufactured to simulate the forces that will be exerted on the locking mechanism and to observe the positioning of components during movement. The testing rig was used to ensure minimal force is experienced by the solenoid and to verify it will not be damaged at the armature or mounting point. The locking mechanism design had to be complete and functional within eight months and cost under $200 CAD to manufacture. The budget constraint was met but the validation results of the application of the locking mechanism onto an Embed were left unresolved due to time constraints. If the locking mechanism is successful, this design would position the Embed as the sole Murphy bed on the market with this unique capability, providing WPU with a competitive advantage over other manufacturers.
Access status: Open Access ,
Win-Shield Combined Biometric and Chemical Sensor System
(2024-07-23) Boticki, Luka; Alam, Anas; Arnold, Mathew; Luong, Hazel; Jacobson, Natasha
The Win-Shield combined biometric and chemical sensor system is a capstone and proof-of-concept project done by the Biosystems Engineering Students of the University of Manitoba over the course of 8 months. The project aims to enhance the safety of isolated industrial workers by providing simultaneous real-time monitoring of vital signs and exposure to hazardous chemicals to both the wearers and their supervisors. Currently, there are no commercially available products designed with these all of these functions for industrial purposes, as most are only intended for recreational or hospital purposes. The system comprises of three subsystems, including a comfort pad with biometric sensors, a chemical sensor unit, and an ESP32ESP32 Devkit microcontroller to process data from the sensors. It can integrate seamlessly into a universal headband to be worn under a welding mask. Key features include: • Having a light weight of 500 grams or under. • Broad applicability fitting 85% of the Canadian population. • Precise vital signs monitoring with temperature accuracy within 0.3°C and 2%. • Heart rate and blood oxygenation accuracy exceeding 97% and 98.85% respectively (Sari et al. 2021). • Alarming chemical exposure thresholds align with 15-minute short term exposure guidelines set by the Government of Manitoba. The design has been verified by various tests resembling CSA standard verification procedures as much as possible under the constraints of time, budget, and resources. For the temperature sensor, immersion in an ice water bath alongside a high-accuracy thermometer assessed accuracy and response time. The heart rate and blood oxygenation sensor has been benchmarked against a smartwatch due to its biometric accuracy. Humidity sensor testing involved controlled environments using salt mixtures to establish fixed relative humidity. Gas sensors have undergone calibration, followed by simple bump testing and limited time response tests, in which they were exposed to triggering gas concentrations within known environments to evaluate response times. The testing section of the report extends its focus to physical tests for the overall system. Environmental temperature, drop, and vibration tests were conducted to ascertain potential impacts on system operation. These tests collectively ensure a robust assessment of the sensor system's reliability and functionality in diverse conditions. Lastly, the limitations that were found to have impacted the design process have been summarized, along with suggestions for potential solutions to these limitations. Additionally, potential next steps for developing this project have been included should the project continue into further design iterations.
Access status: Open Access ,
Final design report for roof shingle made from ground tire rubber (GTR) fibres to withstand Winnipeg weather
(2024-07-23) Tymchen, Cassandra; Zimberg-Collins, Corey; Oeltjenbruns, Kate; Slobodian, Hunter; Petkau, Don; Topping, Aidan; White, James; Jacobson, Natasha
The objective of this project was to design a shingle using recycled ground tire rubber capable of withstanding Winnipeg, MB weather conditions. Our team developed and tested various rubber and additive mixtures to assess their strength and durability under specific conditions. Of the mixtures that seemed promising during initial testing phases, they were then subjected to weather simulations representing 1 in 25-year storm conditions in Winnipeg. The final stage involved creating full-scale prototypes using a mold designed by the team, which ultimately determined the project’s success. Despite initial promising results, unexpected failures occurred during the full-scale production phase, resulting in inconclusive findings regarding shingle viability. Further testing and refinement are necessary to meet the client’s requirements and to address the challenges that were encountered during this project. Recommendations for future research and improvements include optimizing the materials used, enhancing the appearance of the shingles to better suit the aesthetic desires of the client, improve efficiency by manufacturing a different mold, process optimization such as incorporating an injection mold and exploring liquid mixture formulations, and researching the feasibility and economic factors in mass-producing shingles using the proposed materials.
Access status: Open Access ,
Typha Growing Media
(2024-07-23) Semenko, Kristen; Lubi, Hannah; Cockwell, Jayda; Calista, Kiara; Petkau, Don; White, James; Topping, Aidan; Jacobson, Natasha
The indoor floricultural industry faces increasing pressure to reduce its reliance on current unsustainable resources, such as peat and coco coir, for use in soilless potting mixes. Typha, commonly known as cattails, may represent a more sustainable alternative for the cultivation of ornamental plants and flowers. Its suitability is further justified by the local availability, quick grow time, and harvesting benefits of these wetland plants in Manitoba. Three distinct growing media have been designed by subjecting existing shredded Typha plants to specific combinations of three processing methods. These methods have individually been shown to mitigate the challenges with previously tested Typha-based media, as cited in literature, such as a low water holding capacity and high nitrogen immobilization. The benefits of each are as follows: • Composting, to increase the available nitrogen for plant uptake, • Milling, to reduce the particle size, and • Pasteurizing, to eliminate pathogens. The proposed Typha Media Designs incorporate these processing methods to investigate their unique benefits. The three Media Designs are as follows: 1. Media Design 1 (MD1): [REDACTED] 2. Media Design 2 (MD2): [REDACTED] 3. Media Design 3 (MD3): [REDACTED] Verification of the success of each Media Design was assessed by 11 passing criteria, or technical specifications, selected based on the properties of peat and other commonly used growing media. None of the three Media Designs passed all criteria; however, [REDACTED] showed the greatest overall improvement when compared to unprocessed, shredded Typha. Alongside the verification testing, germination and grow trials were performed to further validate the results, utilizing a peat-perlite mix as the control. In the germination trials, media containing [REDACTED] performed best with higher numbers of germinated plants. Varying trends were observed in the grow trials. The trial conducted in a vertical hydroponic wall, which accommodated the media in net cups with a diameter of two inches, exhibited the best results in [REDACTED] and [REDACTED] , while the other, conducted in a greenhouse, displayed better outcomes in [REDACTED]. Moving forward, further research into composted Typha-based media is recommended, including testing growth in larger commercial plant pots, [REDACTED], an assessment of a flower’s full growth cycle solely in Typha-based media, and a full project cost-benefit analysis to ensure economic viability. The results from technical specification testing, germination trials, and grow trials show that, while this Typha-based media does not entirely replicate peat, it may be a viable option for use as a soilless growing media. Testing based on the proposed recommendations will further the success of this media as it nears entry into the market as a local and sustainable growing media for floriculture growers.
Access status: Open Access ,
Final Design Report for a STEM Exhibit about Green Aviation Fuel Alternatives for the Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada
(2024-07-23) McMillan, Camryn; Olapade, Daniel; Petkau, Don; Topping, Aidan; White, James; Jacobson, Natasha
The Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada (RAMWC) along with industry partners EnviroTREC and WestCaRD, identified the need for a STEM based exhibit focused on sustainable aviation fuels. This initiative aligns with the global shift towards environmentally friendly energy sources, transitioning from convectional fuels like gasoline and kerosene to potential greener alternatives including lithium-ion batteries, biofuel, and liquid hydrogen. Through an interactive, STEM based exhibit, visitors will have the opportunity to learn about these fuel options and their underlying concepts. To ensure a successful exhibit design, several technical specifications and constraints were outlined prior to developing a solution. These included size and accessibility dimensions, performance requirements, inclusion of tactile components, and a significant “wow” factor. These predefined objectives guided the development of the design solution, which is composed of three distinct components that make up the entire exhibit: a historical timeline, a specific energy station, and a CO2 emissions station, each incorporating STEM principles through visual and hands-on experiences. The timeline provides a rich history about the evolution of aviation fuels. For the specific energy station, it allows visitors to gauge the specific energy of different aviation fuels by propelling planes along a track. The emissions station offers an interactive demonstration of CO2 output of various aviation fuels, enabling visitors to visualize and compare emissions through a fog display. The prototype of the conceptual solution was tested against the established specifications to ensure the creation of a successful design. The dimensions of the prototype were tested for public accessibility and passed. Additionally, the exhibit’s content was evaluated for understandability, targeting various comprehension levels to ensure that the STEM principles are clear to the visitors. Using a text scoring system, the prototype achieved a 6th grade reading level of comprehension. “Wow” factor and user friendliness of tactile components were assessed via survey with museum visitors. The feedback indicated that while the exhibit’s design was easy to use and engaging, it could benefit from additional elements to truly inspire and captivate visitors. Following evaluation of the prototype, several enhancements were proposed to the RAMWC that could improve the exhibit’s design. Replacing the chalkboard with a smart touchscreen board would allow for unlimited storage of visitors’ ideas on green aviation fuel, which can also be shared as a display when the screen is idle. Additionally, the exhibit could be optimized for efficiency through changes that include adopting a modular design for easy updates, incorporating a drainage at the emissions station to eliminate mold risk, and utilizing materials that are both lightweight and robust. To improve accessibility, incorporating auditory or tactile feedback would assist those who are visually impaired, and incorporating QR codes could deepen the educational experience. The RAMWC exhibit represents a dynamic fusion of education and innovation, igniting curiosity and fostering learning about sustainable aviation fuels.
Access status: Open Access ,
Inert Evaporation Process System
(2024) Hall, Austin; Harvey, Jacob; Hawthorne, Katherine; Kum, Ryan; Petkau, Don; White, James; Topping, Aidan; Jacobson, Natasha
The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) conducts experiments that evaluate the biodegradation capabilities of anaerobic (oxygen-free) bacteria sourced from sewage sludge. These studies contribute towards a potential solution to the global plastic pollution crisis. A key step in these experiments is drying the sludge to the required solids content outlined in the experiments while maintaining the viability of the anaerobic bacteria in the sludge. The current drying process the NRC employs is inadequate as it is non-anaerobic and time-consuming. Team 2’s objective was to design, build and test a proof of concept (POC) design for an inert evaporation system in addition to designing a full-scale system that can anaerobically and efficiently evaporate sewage sludge. Both designs must be capable of drying municipal sewage sludge from 2% to 30% solids content under anaerobic, inert, and temperature-controlled conditions. The report details the POC design that was built and tested for the project. The POC prototype focuses on a single tray evaporation system. Using the POC to dry the sludge, an evaporation rate exceeding the target rate of 0.118 kg/hr was determined with key parameters measured throughout the process including oxygen and humidity content of the tray environment, gas flowrate, temperature, and tray weight. The report also recommends a full-scale inert evaporation system design that meets the NRC’s target specifications and constraints; however, the further testing using the POC is highly recommended to refine the design. Using nitrogen gas to maintain an anaerobic environment and dry the sludge, the full-scale design includes an insulated anaerobic chamber, dehumidification, nitrogen gas recycling, and PLC automation to conserve energy and efficiently evaporate sludge.
Access status: Open Access ,
Keystone Agricultural Producers Roll Over Tractor Training Course
(2024-07-23) Coldwell, Makenna; Szkop, Toby; Bergmann, Toby; Veldhuis, Tim; Topping, Aidan; White, James; Petkau, Don; Jacobson, Natasha
Tractor rollovers, many of which impact inexperienced drivers, contribute significantly to the fatality rate of the agricultural industry. Keystone Agricultural Producers and their partners developed the Roll-Over Training Tractor (ROTT) as a tool to improve the efficacy of teaching about tractor rollovers. The ROTT is a one-third scale electric tractor modeled based off the design of a commercial tractor. This machine is piloted using a remote control. It has a live video feed using the Reolink app from a camera mounted above the rear axle. The ROTT was intended to be used at the University of Manitoba (UofM) Glenlea Research Station. There is currently no adequate course to demonstrate typical rollover scenarios using the ROTT. The objective of the project undertaken by Team 1 was to design the ROTT Demonstration Course which includes stations to simulate sideways and backwards rollovers. Technical specifications were developed with the client to ensure that the design of the ROTT Demonstration Course fulfilled the project problem statement. The solution developed includes two stations: the Incremental Slope Station and Silage Bunker Station. The Incremental Slope Station is intended to induce a side rollover. It will be implemented as an addition to an existing slope at the UofM Glenlea Research Station. The slope of this addition will begin at 30° and will increase to 45° at 1° every 6ft. The ROTT will be driven along this slope until it rolls over sideways and is caught by the side support wheels. The process of piloting the tractor and viewing the live feed of the rollover will provide experience for students that will allow them to adequately assess if a slope will risk a tractor rollover. The ROTT will be retrofitted with spikes and a centre rod on the bucket such that a 3.11 slug mass can be carried. The Incremental Slope Station can then be run with an added mass on the front. This will demonstrate the effect of a displaced centre of gravity on the angle that induces a tractor rollover. The Silage Bunker Station is a to-scale model of a concrete silage bunker. It is designed such that when the ROTT drives on the silage packed at 45° (+, -0°), a back rollover will be induced. The course was designed to require little maintenance. Drawings and a Bill of Materials are included for the construction of each station, the spikes, and centre rod. Evaluation approaches were developed to assess whether the proposed design solution fulfils each of the technical specifications. Due to the ROTT being inoperable, using a test slope to verify rollover angles was not possible. It is recommended that tests will be administered after construction is completed in the summer of 2024.
Access status: Open Access ,
Development of a New Product Using Fibres from Recycled Tires
(2023-04-13) Yim, Caitlyn; Nwadike, Chiamake; Lanoway, Dryden; Baig, Shehroze; Seniuk-Cicek, Jillian; White, James; Jacobson, Natasha
Reliable Tire Recycling (RTR) tasked Team 2 to develop a recycling method for a synthetic fibre by-product produced by their tire recycling process. This by-product is made from a heterogenous mixture of short fibres such as polyester and nylon and contains significant amounts of impurities like dirt and crumb rubber. RTR expressed interest in using the by-product to create a new parking curb that would supersede their current model. They requested that the new design be light enough for a single person to carry, be able to withstand all-year Winnipeg weather, and can hold up during interactions with vehicles (i.e., collisions, rollovers, etc.). Team 2 proposed a new parking curb that incorporates the fibre by-product into RTR’s existing rubber mixture, paired with a redesigned form that meets the specified design objectives. The redesign includes underside cavities as well as reduced length for weight and material reduction. The proposed curb would be composed of 22% fibre by-product by mass, which was mixed directly into the rest of the ingredients (70% crumb rubber, 7.5% hydraulic binder, 0.5% water) to create test specimens for material evaluation. The mixture was formed by compressing it with 1700 psi of pressure and baking it at 100 °C. Other compositions were tested as well, including a control composition, 5% fibre by-product, 12% fibre by-product, RTR’s existing curb and two existing market options. The density of each test specimen was calculated first, and that density was used to determine the weight a proposed curb would be if it was made using each composition. All compositions containing fibre would result in a curb weight under the 35 lb design objective. The test specimens were evaluated by uniaxially compressing them according to ASTM standards. This test showed that the addition of fibre by-product, as well as applying higher pressure in the material creation process made the material deform less under load. All specimens containing fibre deformed less than 50% under the design load of 100 psi, passing the design objective. All specimens were then subjected to thermal testing, where they were exposed to extreme hot and cold temperatures (+75 °C and -80 °C respectively). After exposure, each was inspected for deformation and then hit with a metal rod at 21.7 km/hr to evaluate how it responded to impact force. All specimens passed, as none degraded noticeably post temperature exposure and all withstood the impact. A digital curb was then constructed using the 22% fibre by-product mixture, which was then subjected to 100 psi of pressure on the top face. The digital curb deformed a maximum of 8%, passing the deformation design objective. After analyzing the test results Team 2 recommended that RTR make several changes to their current mode of production. It was recommended that RTR increase the pressure used to manufacture curbs and begin introducing the fibre by-product into their curb mixture, starting with 22% replacement of crumb rubber for increased strength and reduced waste to landfill. It was also recommended that RTR adopt a curb design similar to the one proposed by Team 2 for weight, material, and cost savings.
Access status: Open Access ,
Gen1000 Chamber Sound Reduction
(2023-04-13) Rodriguez, Julissa; Tran, Alex; Vasin, Karina; Whyte, Cam; Jacobson, Natasha
Conviron’s GEN1000 chamber is one of their best-selling plant growth chambers, used by growers, researchers, and students all over the world. These growth chambers are currently producing 60 dBA (A-weighted decibel) of noise, which can be irritating for users that have these chambers in their labs or classrooms. The goal of the student team is to decrease these sound levels to 50 dBA. The chamber must be modified in a way that does not hinder the growth of the plants inside, while maintaining the manufacturing cost of the chamber. Additionally, the team must stay within the project budget of $5000 CAD NRE (Non-Recurring Engineering) cost. The primary element of sound production was identified as the condenser fans in the machine compartment of the chamber. The team researched existing methods of sound dampening and presented these to Conviron. Further research was requested on three of these ideas and was later narrowed down to two due to the feasibility of the solutions in terms of manufacturability and function. The two methods of sound reduction chosen included insulating all surfaces in the machine compartment with sound insulation foam and acoustic louvers to replace the ventilation holes in the back panel of the compartment. A preliminary sound test was conducted which resulted in a baseline average of 62 dBA. A preliminary machine compartment temperature test was also conducted which resulted in a maximum baseline temperature of 35.7⁰C. The machine compartment was then insulated with acoustic insulation foam on all the metal surfaces. Three prototype back panels were made to replace the original panel. The first panel (“Handmade”) was made in the University of Manitoba shop using box brakes and hand tools. The second panel (“Manufactured”) was made with Malach, a metal and machining company. The final panel (“3D Printer”) was made using a PLA (Polylactic acid) filament and a 3D printer, to mimic the shape of an industry standard acoustic louver. These panels were then installed and tested along with the insulation for sound and temperature for 1.5 hours. The Handmade, Manufactured, and 3D Printed panels emitted an average of 60.7, 60.5, and 59.7 dBA, respectively. The recommendation chosen by the team was to insulate the machine compartment and to redesign the back panel using the Manufactured panel design. This recommendation was chosen for its effectiveness in dampening sound and high frequencies, the manufacturability, and its relatively affordable price. The final recommendation came out to $291.74 for two rolls of acoustic insulation foam ($114.37) and for the manufactured panel ($63).
Access status: Open Access ,
AGI Westfield 35' Flight Forming
(2021-12-08) Rempel Boschman, Michael; Liu, Wenbin; Tehlan, Bhumit; Thind, Resham; Labossiere, Paul; Labossiere, Paul
AGI Westfield currently produces 25' flights, which is the critical component of an auger that helps farmers to transfer grain into grain bins. The flight is the helicoid section of the grain auger. AGI Westfield would like to produce 35' flights. Due to limited space in the facility, team 9 must find a solution to produce the 35' flights in the same footprint of the 25' flight production facility. The final solution features the design of new standoffs that secure the tube on the red helicoid forming table, which changes the current design from producing the helicoid then sliding the tube into the helicoid to forming the helicoid directly around the tube in one step. This reduces the total required length of the manufacturing footprint and allows AGI Westfield to produce 35' flights without expanding the areas. In order to accomplish forming the helicoid around the tube, the tube preparation station goes in tandem to the red helicoid forming machine to allow the tubes to be dropped off into the red helicoid forming machine. To ensure that the tubes can still slide into the helicoids once the helicoids are formed, the tube preparation station is longitudinally aligned with the welding station. Other features of the design include the various types of coupler inserts on the welder to accommodate various diameter flights. The new material flow map was demonstrated in detail on how parts are transported and stored during the new proposed production streams. Furthermore, the failure mode and effect analysis was completed to help clients prevent any risks that could undermine project goals. Most risks were identified from the red helicoid forming phase. Changing the layout of the facility and forming the helicoid around the tube allows the cycle time per foot to decrease from 45.88 seconds/foot to 38.84 seconds/foot. The cost estimation of parts designed for integrating the new solution was determined as $3,586.80 USD. The final design provides automation recommendations, such as a hydraulic system to push flights, which will reduce the potential strain on the workers that could cause safety hazards.
Access status: Open Access ,
Heat Recovery System Design for the Renderer & Biowaste System
(2022-12-07) Redekopp, Braeden; Schmidtke, Riley; Tachie, Mark; Wilson, Jessica; Guyot, Meghan; Labossiere, Paul; Topping, Aidan; Guyot, Meghan
JBMR Consulting was tasked with designing a heat recovery system for the Renderer and Biowaste System (RBS) of the (). This report provides the needed background on the project, discusses the process for selecting the design and how it was optimized, presents the final design, and concludes with future work recommendations. The performs vital research on infectious diseases. The RBS is a key part of their operations, as it collects the effluent from containment Levels 3 and 4, sterilizes it, and then discharges it to the city’s sewer system. The RBS process uses an excess amount of water, measured at approximately 4373 kg per cycle, and it takes around 2 hours to heat up the effluent. Our main goals were to minimize the cooling water used, to reduce the effluent heating time, and for our design to be maintenance-friendly and safe. A preliminary concept for the final design was selected during Phase 2 of this project. However, after further research and consultation with the, this concept was altered to be more feasible and easier to implement. Each heat exchanger and the system that connects them were optimized through research and analytical calculations to meet the needs of the. The final design that resulted from these is as follows. A 0.75 hp pump pumps water at a rate of 32.5 gpm through schedule 40 6-inch lines from a 1000-gallon reservoir. The water first passes through the three discharge heat exchangers in series. These are 54-inch long tube-in-tube heat exchangers with 6-inch inner tubes and 8-inch outer tubes connected directly to the outlets of cookers 1 and 2, and the combined outlet of cookers 3 and 5. The water draws heat from the discharging sterilized effluent. The water next passes through the open-tank heat exchanger within the active hot well. This consists of five parallel coil panel heat exchangers with 0.75-inch tubes with 16 passes each. The open-tank heat exchanger array draws heat from the sterilized effluent-water mixture within the hot well at all times. The now heated water goes through the custom-designed parallel tubes heat exchanger located at the inlet line to the cookers. The heated water preheats the unsterile effluent before it enters the cookers. After going through the inlet heat exchanger, the water is further cooled through a radially finned return line and is deposited back into the reservoir to be recirculated. This system successfully saves 1265.5 kg of water and 5 MJ of heating energy per cycle. All components can be easily installed and removed for maintenance, and leak detection methods are incorporated for safety.
Access status: Open Access ,
Wireless Instrumented Curling Broom Phase III: Final Design Report
(2020-12-09) Pigeau, Sean; Piper, Reid; Popple, Jackson; Whyte, Brittany; O'Brien, Sean; Labossiere, Paul; O'Brien, Sean
Curling Canada has requested the design of a wireless instrumented curling broom to help coaches better understand the effectiveness of a curler when sweeping. The team of engineering students is tasked with designing a curling broom to record and transmit useful performance data wirelessly to a mobile device or computer. The goal of this project is to design a device that accurately measures the desired performance data which will eventually help coaches and curlers perform at a higher level while curling. This Final Design Report (FDR) contains a summary of the project background, objectives, customer needs, project constraints, and metrics. The main client needs include accurate measurement of both the force applied on the ice and the sweeping frequency, ability to differentiate between the push and the pull stroke, and ability to output the collected data wirelessly to a device to be viewed. Next, an overview is provided of the functional decomposition and synthesis approach taken during the concept generation and selection phase of the project. The final design is comprised of an Arduino Nano 33 BLE microcontroller with a built-in inertial measurement unit and Bluetooth capabilities alongside a Michigan Scientific Model TR3D-B-1K 3-axis load cell to meet required client needs. The final device may be broken down into two groups: the electronics package and the load cell package. The electronics package is secured to the broom handle by a clamp and is self contained in a plastic shell that contains the microcontroller, three HX711 load cell amplifiers, a LARGE low temperature 18650 battery and battery shield. The load cell package is made up of an upper and lower adaptor, allowing the load cell to be mounted inline between the broom head and the broom handle. The load cell is secured between the adaptors and plugged into the electronics package by a 12 pin connector. The final design meets or exceeds all metrics required by Curling Canada, with a total cost and weight of $2,866.64 and 247 grams, respectively. Further recommendations are provided to aid in the continuation of the project. These include recommendations for the manufacturing of the design, app development, device testing and device feedback.

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