Wheat production is negatively affected by various factors, including preharvest sprouting (PHS), which is defined as the germination of grains on the mother plant due to humid and rainy weather conditions. Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait that has an influence on the incidence of PHS. The presence of low dormancy in wheat seeds leads to PHS and therefore significant losses in yield and quality. Therefore, it is essential to induce an adequate level of seed dormancy to prevent PHS. To better understand the molecular mechanisms regulating seed dormancy in wheat, this study performed comparative genome-wide transcriptomic analysis between dormant and non-dormant (after-ripened) seeds of a highly dormant wheat genotype. The findings of this thesis projects indicate that after-ripening effectively breaks seed dormancy and causes differential expression of a large number of genes during imbibition. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed to identify the biological processes regulating seed dormancy. The study also examined the expression patterns of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), the two major hormones that control seed dormancy, and the findings showed close association between the expression patterns of specific genes involved in ABA and GA metabolism and signaling and the level of seed dormancy.