Windrow composting of municipal biosolids in a cold climate

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dc.contributor.authorMcCartney, D
dc.contributor.authorEftoda, G
dc.date.accessioned2007-10-05T16:22:43Z
dc.date.available2007-10-05T16:22:43Z
dc.date.issued2005-09-30
dc.description.abstractThis work investigated the technical feasibility of composting digested municipal biosolids using outdoor windrows in an extremely cold climate. Common belief suggested this was not possible because of low ambient temperatures and low biodegradable volatile solids content of the biosolids. Four trials were conducted: (i) batch started in late fall; (ii) batch started in winter; (iii) batch mixed and stored over winter, then started in spring; and (iv) batch mixed with leaves to improve heat generation. All recipes used 2.5 parts wood chips to 1 part biosolids (by volume). All four trials easily met the thermophilic temperatures required by the pathogen reduction criteria. Trial 2 (batch started in winter), however, did not achieve the thermophilic period until the following summer. The results suggest provisions be made for storage of material over winter. This means a 32% increase in area and a doubling of the system-turning capacity are needed. Practical observations included significant heat loss during turning and mixing, snowfall impact on oxygen supply and pile moisture content, wind direction impact on pile temperature profiles, and the impact of large frozen zones that may affect pathogen inactivation efficacy.en
dc.format.extent199907 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citation1496-2551; J ENVIRON ENG SCI, SEP 2005, vol. 4, no. 5, p.341 to 352.en
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/s04-068
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/2901
dc.language.isoengen_US
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dc.rightsopen accessen_US
dc.statusPeer revieweden
dc.subjectmunicipal sludgeen
dc.subjectbiosolidsen
dc.subjectwindrow compostingen
dc.subjectpathogensen
dc.subjectlow temperatureen
dc.subjectwinteren
dc.subjectWINTERen
dc.titleWindrow composting of municipal biosolids in a cold climateen
dc.typejournal articleen_US
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