This study is focused on reorienting conventional educational approaches in higher education, particularly in higher business education, that tend to link unsustainable inner values with economic and analytical skills. Higher education has a vital role in the development of individuals’ capabilities and potential for achieving their personal and social goals that are incidental to the development of societies and nations. However, the market-oriented values promoted in higher business education can be considered a primary factor in unsustainability. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for self-identity-development-based sustainability education, the SID-based Framework, that is grounded in the concept of an intersubjective ecological self. The SID-based Framework is designed to achieve mutual enhancement of students’ ecological identity and sustainability actions. This study also applies the SID-based Framework to assist science and peace education with the promotion of sustainability. This research contributes to the theoretical foundation of higher business education for sustainability that assists university students in developing a sustainability orientation and demonstrates the wider applicability of this educational framework in higher education.