Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Canadian Hospitals: Results of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007)

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorZhanel, George G
dc.contributor.authorKarlowsky, James A
dc.contributor.authorDeCorby, Mel
dc.contributor.authorNichol, Kim A
dc.contributor.authorWierzbowski, Aleksandra
dc.contributor.authorBaudry, Patricia J
dc.contributor.authorLagacé-Wiens, Philippe
dc.contributor.authorWalkty, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorSchweizer, Frank
dc.contributor.authorAdam, Heather
dc.contributor.authorMcCracken, Melissa
dc.contributor.authorMulvey, Michael R
dc.contributor.authorThe Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA),
dc.contributor.authorHoban, Daryl J
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-03T21:09:26Z
dc.date.available2016-08-03T21:09:26Z
dc.date.issued2009-1-1
dc.date.updated2016-08-03T07:44:13Z
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Canadian hospitals as well as hospitals worldwide are increasingly faced with antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of pathogens, including the resistance genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in Canadian hospitals, as well as their antimicrobial resistance patterns. MEtHODS: Bacterial isolates were obtained between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2007, inclusive, from patients in 12 hospitals across Canada as part of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007). Isolates were obtained from bacteremic, urinary, respiratory and wound specimens and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Susceptibility testing was assessed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method. RESULTS: In total, 7881 isolates were recovered from clinical specimens of patients attending Canadian hospitals. The 7881 isolates were collected from respiratory (n=2306; 29.3%), blood (n=3631; 46.1%), wounds/tissue (n=617; 7.8%) and urinary (n=1327; 16.8%) specimens. The 10 most common organisms isolated from 76.5% of all clinical specimens were E coli (21.6%), methicillin-susceptible S aureus (13.9%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.8%), MRSA (4.9%), Haemophilus influenzae (4.3%), coagulase-negative staphylococci/taphylococcus epidermidisS (4.0%), Enterococcus species (3.0%) and Enterobacter cloacae (2.1%). MRSA made up 26.0% (385 of 1480) of all S aureus (genotypically, 79.2% of MRSA were health care-associated MRSA and 19.5% were community-associated MRSA), and VRE made up 1.8% of all enterococci (62.5% of VRE had the vanA genotype). ESBLproducing E coli occurred in 3.4% of E coli isolates. The CTX-M type was the predominant ESBL, with CTX-M-15 as the predominant genotype. With MRSA, no resistance was observed to daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline and vancomycin, while resistance rates to other agents were: clarithromycin 91.4%, clindamycin 61.8%, fluoroquinolones 88.6% to 89.6%, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 12.2%. With E coli, no resistance was observed to ertapenem, meropenem and tigecycline, while resistance rates to other agents were: amikacin 0.1%, cefazolin 14.2%, cefepime 2.0%, ceftriaxone 8.9%, gentamicin 10.6%, fluoroquinolones 23.6% to 24.5%, piperacillin-tazobactam 1.3% and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 26.6%. Resistance rates with P aeruginosa were: amikacin 7.6%, cefepime 11.7%, gentamicin 20.8%, fluoroquinolones 23.4% to 25.1%, meropenem 8.1% and piperacillin- tazobactam 7.3%. A MDR phenotype (resistance to three or more of cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, amikacin or gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin) occurred frequently in P aeruginosa (10.6%) but uncommonly in E coli (1.2%), K pneumoniae (1.5%), E cloacae (0%) or H influenzae (0%). CONCLUSIONS: E coli, S aureus (methicillin-susceptible and MRSA), S pneumoniae, P aeruginosa, K pneumoniae, H influenzae and Enterococcus species are the most common isolates recovered from clinical specimens in Canadian hospitals. The prevalence of MRSA was 26.0% (of which genotypically, 19.5% was community-associated MRSA), while VRE and ESBL-producing E coli occurred in 1.8% and 3.4% of isolates, respectively. A MDR phenotype is common with P aeruginosa in Canadian hospitals.
dc.description.versionPeer Reviewed
dc.identifier.citationGeorge G Zhanel, James A Karlowsky, Mel DeCorby, et al., “Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Canadian Hospitals: Results of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007),” Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, vol. 20, no. Suppl A, pp. 9A-19A, 2009. doi:10.1155/2009/398264
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/398264
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/31557
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.rightsopen accessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright © 2009 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
dc.titlePrevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Canadian Hospitals: Results of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007)
dc.typeJournal Article
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Thumbnail Image
Name:
CJIDMM.2009.398264.xml
Size:
16.39 KB
Format:
Extensible Markup Language
Description:
Download
Thumbnail Image
Name:
CJIDMM.2009.398264.pdf
Size:
184.8 KB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
license.txt
Size:
2.24 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed to upon submission
Description:
Download
Collections
University of Manitoba Scholarship
Rady Faculty of Health Sciences Scholarly Works