The Microbiological Context of HIV Resistance: Vaginal Microbiota and Mucosal Inflammation at the Viral Point of Entry

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dc.contributor.authorSchellenberg, John J.
dc.contributor.authorPlummer, Francis A.
dc.date.accessioned2015-05-14T16:36:54Z
dc.date.available2015-05-14T16:36:54Z
dc.date.issued2012-3-14
dc.date.updated2015-03-29T13:32:35Z
dc.description.abstractImmune activation is increasingly recognized as a critical element of HIV infection and pathogenesis, causing expansion of virus founder populations at the mucosal port of entry and eventual exhaustion of cellular immune effectors. HIV susceptibility is well known to be influenced by concurrent sexually transmitted infections; however, the role of commensal vaginal microbiota is poorly characterized. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a risk factor for HIV acquisition in studies worldwide; however, the etiology of BV remains enigmatic, and the mechanisms by which BV increases HIV susceptibility are not fully defined. A model of how vaginal microbiota influences HIV transmission is considered in the context of a well-established cohort of HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) commercial sex workers (CSW) in Nairobi, Kenya, many of whom have increased levels of anti-inflammatory factors in vaginal secretions and reduced peripheral immune activation (immune quiescence). Elucidation of the relationship between complex microbial communities and inflammatory mucosal responses underlying HIV infection should be a priority for future prevention-focussed research.
dc.description.versionPeer Reviewed
dc.identifier.citationJohn J. Schellenberg and Francis A. Plummer, “The Microbiological Context of HIV Resistance: Vaginal Microbiota and Mucosal Inflammation at the Viral Point of Entry,” International Journal of Inflammation, vol. 2012, Article ID 131243, 10 pages, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/131243
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/131243
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/30499
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.rightsopen accessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright © 2012 John J. Schellenberg and Francis A. Plummer. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
dc.titleThe Microbiological Context of HIV Resistance: Vaginal Microbiota and Mucosal Inflammation at the Viral Point of Entry
dc.typeJournal Article
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