Characterization of the antihypertensive and antioxidant properties of hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) and protein-derived peptides in individuals with high blood pressure

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dc.contributor.authorSamsamikor, Maryam
dc.contributor.examiningcommitteeAukema, Harold (Food and Human Nutritional Sciences)
dc.contributor.examiningcommitteeAnderson, Hope (Pharmacy)
dc.contributor.examiningcommitteeWright, Amanda (University of Guelph)
dc.contributor.supervisorAluko, Rotimi
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-05T16:15:54Z
dc.date.available2024-01-05T16:15:54Z
dc.date.issued2023-11-23
dc.date.submitted2023-12-13T19:49:46Zen_US
dc.date.submitted2024-01-04T22:22:51Zen_US
dc.degree.disciplineFood and Human Nutritional Sciencesen_US
dc.degree.levelDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
dc.description.abstractThe purpose of this study was to produce bioactive peptides in the form of a hemp seed protein hydrolysate (HPH) and assess the antihypertensive and antioxidant properties in comparison to whole hemp seed protein and casein using a clinical trial design. Bioactive peptides were generated using a previously established method utilizing gastrointestinal enzymes (pepsin and pancreatin) and optimized time, temperature, and pH conditions. Thirty-one individuals with hypertension participated in the study, following a randomized crossover design. They consumed the three treatments (50 g casein, 50 g hemp seed protein, or 45 g hemp seed protein + 5 g HPH) for six weeks each with 2 weeks washout period in between treatments. During the study, 24-hr blood pressure (BP) was measured at various timepoints and blood samples were collected to determine the level of enzymes and biomarkers involved in the BP regulation. The treatment containing HPH showed greater BP lowering effect compared to whole hemp protein and casein. This hypotensive effect was observed for both 24-hr systolic and diastolic BP. Although, we could not differentiate the effects of hemp protein and HPH on angiotensin converting enzyme, renin and nitric oxide, the peptides demonstrated an ability to enhance the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase while reducing plasma total peroxides and reactive oxygen species to a greater extent than hemp protein and casein. Furthermore, the attenuation of 24-hrBP was correlated with the increased level of epoxy oxylipins, which are involved in the relaxation of smooth muscle cells and subsequently vasorelaxation. These findings propose, for the first time from a clinical trial that hemp seed bioactive peptides may have a potential role as hypotensive and antioxidant agents as an alternative therapy for individuals with hypertension.
dc.description.noteFebruary 2024
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity of Manitoba
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/37932
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsopen accessen_US
dc.subjectHemp seed protein
dc.subjectBioactive peptides
dc.subjectHypertension
dc.subjectprotein hydrolysate
dc.subjectplant protein
dc.subjectambulatory blood pressure
dc.subjectangiotensin-converting enzyme
dc.subjectoxidative stress
dc.subjectantioxidant enzymes
dc.subjectoxylipin profile
dc.subjectepoxy oxylipins
dc.titleCharacterization of the antihypertensive and antioxidant properties of hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) and protein-derived peptides in individuals with high blood pressure
dc.typedoctoral thesisen_US
local.subject.manitobano
oaire.awardNumberG-16-00014211
oaire.awardTitleGRANT-IN-AID
project.funder.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004411
project.funder.nameHeart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
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