Breastfeeding and the developmental origins of mucosal immunity: how human milk shapes the innate and adaptive mucosal immune systems

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dc.contributor.authorDawod, Bassel
dc.contributor.authorMarshall, Jean S.
dc.contributor.authorAzad, Meghan
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-18T15:21:12Z
dc.date.available2022-08-18T15:21:12Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-01
dc.date.submitted2022-08-18T15:17:13Zen_US
dc.description.abstractPurpose of review: Breastfeeding provides passive immunity while the neonatal immune system matures, and may also protect against chronic immune-mediated conditions long after weaning. This review summarizes current knowledge and new discoveries about human milk and mucosal immunity. Recent findings: New data suggest that certain microbes in maternal milk may seed and shape the infant gut microbiota, which play a key role in regulating gut barrier integrity and training the developing immune system. Human milk oligosaccharides, best known for their prebiotic functions, have now been shown to directly modulate gene expression in mast and goblet cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Epidemiologic data show a reduced risk of peanut sensitization among infants breastfed by peanut-consuming mothers, suggesting a role for milk-borne food antigens in tolerance development. Cross-fostering experiments in mice suggest the soluble Toll-like receptor 2, found in human milk, may be critical in this process. Finally, interest in human milk antibodies surged during the pandemic with the identification of neutralizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies in maternal milk following both natural infection and vaccination. Summary: Human milk provides critical immune protection and stimulation to breastfed infants. Understanding the underlying mechanisms could identify new therapeutic targets and strategies for disease prevention across the lifespan.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Project Grant #156155 and a Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grant #INV-001734. M.B.A. is supported by Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in the Developmental Origins of Chronic Disease at the University of Manitoba and is a Fellow in the CIFAR Humans and the Microbiome Program.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1097/MOG.0000000000000778
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/36708
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherCurrent Opinion in Gastroenterologyen_US
dc.rightsopen accessen_US
dc.subjectBreastfeedingen_US
dc.subjectHuman Milken_US
dc.subjectDevelopmental Origins of Mucosal Immunityen_US
dc.titleBreastfeeding and the developmental origins of mucosal immunity: how human milk shapes the innate and adaptive mucosal immune systemsen_US
dc.typepreprinten_US
local.author.affiliationRady Faculty of Health Sciences::Max Rady College of Medicine::Department of Pediatrics and Child Healthen_US
oaire.awardNumber156155en_US
oaire.awardTitleProject Granten_US
oaire.citation.edition6en_US
oaire.citation.endPage556en_US
oaire.citation.startPage547en_US
oaire.citation.titleCurrent Opinion in Gastroenterologyen_US
oaire.citation.volume37en_US
project.funder.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000024en_US
project.funder.nameCanadian Institutes of Health Researchen_US
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