Establishing cephalometric norms for the Indian population using Steiner's cephalometric analysis
| dc.contributor.author | Manohar, Mithun King | |
| dc.contributor.examiningcommittee | Rykiss, Jared (Preventive Dental Science) | |
| dc.contributor.examiningcommittee | Mutalik, Vimi S (Preventive Dental Science) | |
| dc.contributor.examiningcommittee | Anand, Dharani (Sri Ramachandra Dental College) | |
| dc.contributor.supervisor | Wiltshire, William | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-07-10T17:56:07Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2024-07-10T17:56:07Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2024-06-20 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2024-07-10T15:30:15Z | en_US |
| dc.degree.discipline | Preventive Dental Science (Orthodontics) | |
| dc.degree.level | Master of Dentistry (M.Dent.) | |
| dc.description.abstract | Objective: Current cephalometric norms are based on an untreated Caucasian sample and may not apply to other ethnic groups. It is essential to establish standard norms for different populations. Aim: To create cephalometric norms for the Indian population by utilizing Steiner’s analysis to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning. Method: The sample consisted of 200 adult subjects of Indian ethnic origin (100 males and 100 females). To avoid regional bias, samples were collected from four metropolitan cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, and Chennai. The primary inclusion criterion required the participants to have a Class I molar relationship and an aesthetically pleasing profile (assessed through intra-oral and extra-oral profile photographs). All the radiographs were traced digitally using Dolphin (version 11.95) in random order by a single operator to reduce bias. Another operator randomly selected and retraced fifty cephalograms to check the operator's reliability and reproducibility. Inter-operator and intra-operator reliability was deemed satisfactory. Steiner’s cephalometric analysis was used to compare each participant's cephalogram, calculating all variables' means and standard deviations. Unpaired t-tests were used to determine differences in variable means between the Indian and Caucasian populations. The probability value (P value) of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant variations in specific parameters of Steiner’s cephalometric analysis were found between Indian and Caucasian populations. Steiner’s analysis showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in SNA (84°), SNB (82°), SND (79°), U1 to NA (8mm), U1 to NA (28°), L1 to NB (7mm), L1 to NB (28°), and reduced Go-Gn to SN (26°), Interincisal angle (122°), Occ plane to SN (12°) while ANB remained constant. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the necessity of establishing cephalometric norms for the Indian population. Understanding cephalometric differences in norms for various ethnic groups is critical for customized diagnosis and treatment. | |
| dc.description.note | October 2024 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1993/38318 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | |
| dc.subject | Indian cephalometric norm, Steiner's analysis, Cephalometrics, Orthodontics | |
| dc.title | Establishing cephalometric norms for the Indian population using Steiner's cephalometric analysis | |
| local.subject.manitoba | no |