An investigation of treatments to improve the hand of fibre extracted from Typha latifolia plants

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dc.contributor.authorJahan, Monika
dc.contributor.examiningcommitteeLiu, Song (Biosystems Engineering)
dc.contributor.examiningcommitteeChen, Ying (Biosystems Engineering)
dc.contributor.supervisorRahman, Mashiur
dc.contributor.supervisorMann, Danny
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-29T16:38:18Z
dc.date.available2023-06-29T16:38:18Z
dc.date.issued2023-06-23
dc.date.submitted2023-06-23T17:04:29Zen_US
dc.degree.disciplineBiosystems Engineeringen_US
dc.degree.levelMaster of Science (M.Sc.)
dc.description.abstractThe study aimed to improve the hand of Typha latifolia (cattail) fibres by modifying the surface aerenchyma, calcium oxalate plates (COPs), and thick lignified secondary cell wall, features considered responsible for fibre stiffness. First stage experiments to clean the fibre surface compared microwave (ME) with convection extraction (CE). In the second stage, complete removal of COPs was attempted to smooth the fibre surface of ME and CE. The third stage aimed to remove maximum lignin by bleaching and then applying enzyme, softener, and two humectants to bleached and virgin fibres (CE). In all stages, fibre yield, moisture regain, fibre diameter, and tensile strength, Young’s modulus were measured; in the second stage, surface smoothness (fibre hand), and fibre density were measured; and in final stage fibre flexibility (fibre hand) and cohesion. Statistics, micrographs, and fibre composition were analyzed, respectively, with ANOVA and t-test, Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Results showed the ME fibre production process 20-26 times faster, stronger fibres with less surface aerenchyma and COPs than CE fibres. After COPs were removed with ultrasonic cleaner, the ME and CE fibres became lighter, less dense, and bit smoother in surface than the virgin fibre. In the third stage, bright bleached fibres were obtained (CIE Lab: 95.2, 2.5, 9.4); fibre cohesion was increased but fibre weight, thickness, and strength were reduced. Finally, the application of humectant (glycerol) on virgin and bleached fibres improved fibre hand, significantly increased moisture regain; however, mechanical properties decreased significantly.
dc.description.noteOctober 2023
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/37396
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsopen accessen_US
dc.subjectESEM
dc.subjectCalcium oxalate plate
dc.subjectBleaching
dc.subjectspinning
dc.subjectSoftness
dc.subjectTwisting
dc.subjectsurface friction
dc.subjectFlexibility
dc.subjectYoung's modulus
dc.subjectTensile strength
dc.subjectmechanical properties
dc.subjectUltrasonic
dc.subjectmicrowave
dc.subjectElectromagnetic radiation
dc.subjectconvection
dc.subjectBleach
dc.subjectLignin
dc.subjectAerenchyma
dc.subjectNodes
dc.titleAn investigation of treatments to improve the hand of fibre extracted from Typha latifolia plants
dc.typemaster thesisen_US
local.subject.manitobano
oaire.awardNumberRGPIN/1234567-2008
oaire.awardTitleEffect of harvest time on cattail (Typha) fibers for non-woven applications
oaire.awardURIhttps://www.mitacs.ca/en/projects/effect-harvest-time-cattail-typha-fibers-non-woven-applications
project.funder.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004489
project.funder.nameMitacs Canada
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