Background: Adherence to injury prevention strategies remains a major challenge in the sports community despite such strategies having been proven effective in reducing the occurrence of injury. This may be because the behavioural and contextual factors of injury and injury prevention are not fully understood. Purpose: The study aimed to examine university athletes' attitudes toward sports injury and injury prevention and their perceived facilitators and barriers to injury prevention implementation. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and a survey as the data collection mode. Basketball, football, volleyball, soccer, and ice hockey athletes were recruited from the University of Manitoba and York University teams. Results: This study revealed three key findings: 1) There was a significant association between athletes’ history of injury and their attitudes toward injury and injury prevention, 2) university athletes’ attitudes toward injury differ from their attitudes toward injury prevention, and 3) the majority of the university athletes perceive long training programs, match congestion, and time constraints as barriers, and perceive short training programs, injury prevention education, free and good equipment, trained medical staff, performance-enhanced injury prevention program, and athletes motivation as facilitators to the implementation of injury prevention measures. Conclusion: Behavioural and educational intervention is needed to improve university athletes (especially those with a history of injury) attitudes toward injury and injury prevention. Also, other stakeholders in university sports need to work together and consider the perceived facilitators and barriers to injury prevention implementation to ensure adherence to injury prevention programs in real sports settings.