Abstract Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disorder that is strongly linked to asthma and conjunctivitis. Classic symptoms include nasal congestion, nasal itch, rhinorrhea and sneezing. A thorough history, physical examination and assessment of allergen sensitization are important for establishing the diagnosis of AR. Intranasal corticosteroids and second-generation antihistamines are the mainstay of treatment. Allergen immunotherapy is an effective immune-modulating treatment for use in addition to or as an alternative to pharmacologic therapy. This article provides an overview on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and appropriate management of AR.

Key take-home messages AR is strongly linked with asthma and conjunctivitis. Allergen skin testing is the best diagnostic test to confirm AR. However, serum-specific IgE testing is a reasonable alternative. Intranasal corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for most patients that present to physicians with AR. Second-generation oral antihistamines may also be used as first-line therapies. Allergen immunotherapy is an effective immune-modulating treatment in conjunction with or as an alternative to pharmacologic therapy. At any point in the management of patients with AR, referral to allergist should be considered for confirmatory diagnosis and treatment/management discussions.