TILRR (Toll-like Interleukin-1 Receptor Regulator), an Important Modulator of Inflammatory Responsive Genes, is Circulating in the Blood

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dc.contributor.authorKashem, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorYuan, Xin-Yong
dc.contributor.authorLi, Lin
dc.contributor.authorKimani, Joshua
dc.contributor.authorPlummer, Francis
dc.contributor.authorLuo, Ma
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-24T14:35:45Z
dc.date.available2021-09-24T14:35:45Z
dc.date.issued2021-09-24
dc.date.submitted2021-09-24T14:26:44Zen_US
dc.description.abstractPurpose: TILRR (Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor regulator), a variant of FREM1 (Fras-related extracellular matrix 1), is a modulator of many genes in NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling and inflammatory responses. It enhanced the expression of multiple genes in the NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted the production of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. TILRR is an extracellular matrix protein and expressed in cells and tissues, and has never been considered to exist in the blood. The study aimed to identify circulating TILRR protein in human plasma as a biomarker of systemic inflammation. Methods and Results: We developed a multiplex bead array method (Bio-Plex) using 4 monoclonal antibodies targeting different protein domains of FREM1/TILRR to investigate whether TILRR can be detected in blood plasma. The results of the multiplex bead array method were validated by Western blot analysis of affinity-purified TILRR from patient plasma samples. We subsequently analyzed 640 plasma samples from women enrolled in the Pumwani Sex Worker cohort (PSWC) (Nairobi, Kenya). Our study showed that TILRR exists in all patient plasma samples, but its quantities vary greatly among the patients, ranging from 2.38 ng/mL to 5196.79 ng/mL. The plasma TILRR below 2.38 ng/mL can only be detected by affinity purification and Western blot analysis. Conclusion: Our in-house developed multiplex bead array method can successfully quantify TILRR protein in plasma samples. Because TILRR is an important modulator of many inflammation-responsive genes, it may be an inflammation biomarker in blood and play a role in modulating systemic inflammation.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe study was funded by an operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), operating grant- PA: CHVI Vaccine Discovery and Social Research (http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/193.html).en_US
dc.identifier.citationKashem MA, Yuan XY, Li L, Kimani J, Plummer F, Luo M. TILRR (Toll-like Interleukin-1 Receptor Regulator), an Important Modulator of Inflammatory Responsive Genes, is Circulating in the Blood. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:4927-4943en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S325553
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/36014
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherDovePressen_US
dc.rightsopen accessen_US
dc.subjectTILRRen_US
dc.subjectSoluble biomarkeren_US
dc.subjecthuman plasmaen_US
dc.subjectmouse anti-FREM1 mAbsen_US
dc.subjectmultiplex bead array methoden_US
dc.subjectWestern blot analysisen_US
dc.titleTILRR (Toll-like Interleukin-1 Receptor Regulator), an Important Modulator of Inflammatory Responsive Genes, is Circulating in the Blooden_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
local.author.affiliationRady Faculty of Health Sciencesen_US
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