College of Dentistry - B.Sc. (Dent) Projects

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Browsing College of Dentistry - B.Sc. (Dent) Projects by Subject "Dentistry"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    A Case Series Study on Pulp Calcification Following Orthodontic Treatment of Ectopic Maxillary Canine Teeth
    (2016) Rodillo, Michael
    Introduction: Impaction of maxillary canines is an identifiable anomaly that is encountered in orthodontics. Extrusive orthodontic forces on ectopic teeth may have a correlation with the cause of altered pulpal conditions such as pulpal necrosis, pulp obliteration, and pulp calcifications. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the pulp status and recognize the incidence of pulp calcification on a series of orthodontically treated, ectopic maxillary canine cases. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients that had undergone orthodontic extrusion of their maxillary canines were evaluated. These patients had either unilateral or bilateral ectopic maxillary canines at or above the CEJ of adjacent teeth. A total of 22 canines were examined clinically and radiographically. Results: From the sample of 22 maxillary canines which had undergone orthodontic extrusion, 7 canines (31.8%) displayed evidence of having non-vital pulps and 4 of the canines (18.2%) were determined to show an asymptomatic pulpal response due to pulp calcification. Conclusion: Essential information correlating the effects of maxillary extrusion to pulpal calcification may be utilized with further studies to determine definitive correlations of any cause-and-effect relationship that may exist.
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    Dentin Preservation in the pericervical area after preflaring with Gates-Glidden or X-Gates drills. An ex vivo micro CT study
    (2016) Wong, Bryan
    Introduction: This study compared the dentin preservation in the distal wall of mesial canals in mandibular molars after preflaring with X-Gates (XG, Dentsply Tulsa Specialities, Tulsa, OK) or Gates-Glidden (GG) drills (Dentsply Tulsa Specialites). Methods: Sixty mesial canals of mandibular molars were evenly allocated into two balanced groups for preflaring procedures: group XG – canals were preflared with a single XG drill or group GG - Drill series (n.1, 2, 3 and 4). With the aid of a micro-computed tomography scanner, dentin removal towards the furcation was measured at 3 levels: furcation (0 mm), 1mm, and 2mm apically. A paired t-test was performed to assess differences before and after procedures in the same group and one-way ANOVA was performed to assess differences between the groups. Results: Significant decrease in dentin thickness was found in the distal area of mesial roots after preflaring procedures in both groups (P < .0001). No significant difference (P > .05) was observed between XG and GG with regard to dentin preservation. Regarding the level where preflaring was done, significant difference (P < .05) was only detected in the mean values of dentin thickness between 0 mm (411.6 um) and 2mm (251.4 um) in the XG group. Conclusion: Both XG and GG groups resulted in significant decrease in dentin thickness but no difference was observed between the XG drill group and GG drill group in dentin removal towards the “danger zone”.
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    Determinants of Dental Caries in Infants
    (2016) Christensen, Jodie
    Objectives: The origins of early childhood caries (ECC) begin prenatally, before teeth arrive. Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy may affect calcification of the developing dentition, and subsequently predispose children to developmental defects of enamel ECC. This study was conducted in order to determine whether a relationship exists between prenatal maternal vitamin D status (via a cord blood sample) and caries prevalence in offspring. Factors predisposing children to ECC were also explored. Methods: A prospective cohort of expectant mothers was selected from a high-risk urban population seeking prenatal care in Winnipeg, Canada. Participants were recruited into one of two groups; an intervention group and control group. The intervention group received two doses of 50,000 IU of vitamin D, one in the second trimester and one in the third trimester. A prenatal questionnaire was completed at the first visit. Cord blood was taken at birth and analysed for 25(OH)D. Participants returned at the time of their child's first birthday, where a follow up questionnaire and dental exam of the child were completed. The dental examiner was blinded to the vitamin D cord level. A p value ≤ 0.05 was significant. Results: 283 women were recruited (mean age 23.4 ± 5.6 years); 141 women were in the supplementation group, while 142 served as controls. Cord blood was drawn from 107 women in the intervention group and 109 controls. The mean 25(OH)D level was 49.6 ± 24.3 nmol/L. 175 women returned for the infant follow-up visit. The mean age of the children was 19.7 ± 8.1 months and 52% were male. Overall, 26.3% of children had ECC, and the mean decayed tooth (dt) score was 0.94 ± 2.16 teeth (range 0-16). There was no significant difference in prevalence of children with ECC between the intervention and control group (p=0.21). The 25(OH)D status 3 also did not significantly impact ECC (p=0.54). However, it was determined that mothers with higher cord 25(OH)D levels had infants with significantly lower dt scores (p=0.0011). Factors associated with ECC included, receiving government assistance (p=0.011), household income below $28 000 (p=0.0024), unemployment (p=0.00019), presence of enamel hypoplasia (p=0.0063) and developmental defects of enamel (p=0.0086), longer duration of being bottle-fed (p=0.0079) and age (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The vitamin D dose used in this study did not significantly increase the cord blood vitamin D status compared to the control group. No relationship was found to exist between the two groups and prevalence of ECC. However, significance was seen in an inverse relationship between 25(OH)D levels and the number of decayed primary teeth. Similarly designed studies, with an altered vitamin D regimen, need to be conducted in order to receive more conclusive results.
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