Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing concern in Canada and around the world leading to life-threatening complications if left untreated. Rural populations are disproportionately affected due to the inaccessibility of specialist care and diabetes self-management education (DSME). The use of telemedicine for the management of chronic disease is a growing field of research in recent years. This literature review investigates the role of teleconsultation with an endocrinologist for managing T2D in rural adults in North America. Methods: A literature search on PubMed using appropriate search terms was conducted. Studies in rural North American communities involving teleconsultation with an endocrinologist and a component of DSME were included. The primary outcome measured was HbA1c. Results: A total of six articles met inclusion criteria. No Canadian studies were identified. All studies found a significant decrease in the HbA1c measures after the telemedicine intervention. Discussion: The findings of this literature review suggest that telemedicine is effective at reducing HbA1c measures in North American adults with T2D. However, given the small sample sizes and non-randomised control trials, further research is needed, especially in rural Canadian populations, to determine the role of telemedicine for T2D management and its implementation in rural Canada. Telemedicine has many advantages, including increased accessibility to specialist care and reduced travel costs to urban centres. Barriers to telemedicine include implementation difficulties, access to the internet and technology and security concerns. Conclusions: Telemedicine for managing T2D is shown to be effective in reducing HbA1c measures in North American rural adults. However, further primary evidence is required to determine a causative effect.