Evaluation of the predisposing factors associated with reaching end-stage complications during early adulthood in indigenous peoples with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a system literature review
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Date
2020
Authors
Gauvin, Brigitte
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Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a common disease found amongst Canadians. The estimated prevalence of diabetes among Canadians was 3.4 million or 9.3% of the population in 2015 and continues to climb (3). The prevalence of diabetes among Indigenous peoples is significantly higher than those who are non-Indigenous. They are more susceptible to early onset of the disease when compared to their non-Indigenous counterpart. In addition to this, they are more likely to reach end stage complications of the disease early in adulthood. There are various reasons for this that need to be investigated further. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a genetic component that influences early diagnosis, and whether social barriers and transition from pediatric to adult care play a role in reaching end-stage complications in early adulthood of Indigenous patients. Methods: A literature search was completed using the databases PubMed, Scopus and the University of Manitoba online database. Relevant articles were reviewed and were chosen based on an inclusion criterion. Results: A total of 4 studies were deemed eligible for review. Of the 4, 2 demonstrated that there is a genetic mutation among the Oji-Cree population that can be associated with early-onset of diabetes. Of the remaining 2 studies, 1 collected information about the experiences shared among Indigenous groups with diabetes in the health care system and found that many have experienced discrimination, racism and insensitivity to their culture. The final article collected information from a survey that found that there are various challenges associated with transition from pediatric to adult care, of which can be associated with a loss of care. Conclusion: Individually, these 3 themes can be attributed to the problems we find in health care when it comes to Indigenous health. When they are all tied into the patient’s life, it can be determined that they may all play a part in reaching end stage complications in early adulthood. Being genetically predisposed to early onset of the disease, having a care provider who is insensitive to their needs or desires in care, and being lost in the transition from pediatric to adult care can lead to improper follow up and loss of control of blood sugar, and this may result in reaching complications at a younger age than the non-Indigenous counterpart.
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Keywords
diabetes, diabetes mellitus