CD8aa dimer is a receptor for Nipah virus on porcine lymphocytes
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Date
2019-07-11
Authors
Tailor, Nikesh
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Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra Virus (HeV) (Paramyxoviridae; Henipavirus) cause severe often fatal illness in humans, but can also infect swine. The presented work compared permissibility of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells to NiV and to HeV. While majority of cell populations did not support replication of either HeV or NiV, monocytes were permissive to both viruses. CD8+ subpopulations of T and NK cells were permissive only to NiV, even though they did not express ephrin B2 (receptor for HeV and NiV) on the surface. CHO-K1 cells transfected with porcine CD8α became permissive to NiV. Antibody against CD8α was able to block NiV replication in CD8+ cells; competition assays between HeV or NiV soluble virus attachment protein (sG) suggested that NiV can bind to CD8αα expressing porcine cells while HeV cannot. CD8αβ cells were not permissive to NiV or HeV. The results indicate that porcine CD8α dimer is a receptor for Nipah virus, but not for HeV on porcine lymphocytes. This work has implications in vaccine design. Development of a veterinary vaccine against NiV which elicits cell mediated immune respose is needed.
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Keywords
Nipah Virus, Hendra Virus, Medical microbiology, Microbiology, Virology, Immunology