Heavy metal(loid) transformations by bacteria isolated from extreme environments
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Date
2014, 2015, 2016
Authors
Maltman, Chris
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Ethan Publishing
MDPI
Springer
PLOS
MDPI
Springer
PLOS
Abstract
The research presented here studied bacteria from extreme environments possessing strong resistance to highly toxic oxyanions of Te, Se, and V. The impact of tellurite on cells of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs and heterotrophs from freshwater and marine habitats was investigated. Physiological responses of cells to TeO32- varied. In its presence, biomass either increased, remained similar or decreased, with ATP production following the same trend. Four detoxification strategies were observed: 1) Periplasmic based reduction; 2) Reduction needing an intact cytoplasmic membrane; 3) Reduction involving an undisturbed whole cell; and 4) Membrane associated reduction. The first three require de novo protein synthesis, while the last was constitutively expressed. We also investigated two enzymes responsible for tellurite reduction. The first came from the periplasm of deep-ocean hydrothermal vent strain ER-Te-48 associated with tube worms. The second was a membrane associated reductase from Erythromonas ursincola, KR99. Both could also use tellurate as a substrate. ER-Te-48 also has a second periplasmic enzyme which reduced selenite.
Additionally, we set out to find new organisms with the ability to resist and reduce Te, Se, and V oxyanions, as well as use them for anaerobic respiration. New strain CM-3, a Gram negative, rod shaped bacterium from gold mine tailings of the Central Mine in Nopiming Provincial Park, Canada, has very high level resistance and the capability to perform dissimilatory anaerobic reduction of tellurite, tellurate, and selenite. Its partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a 99.0% similarity to Pseudomonas reactans. We also discovered that the epibiotic bacterial community associated with tube worms living in the vicinity of deep sea hydrothermal vents of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean can respire anaerobically on tellurite, tellurate, selenite, selenate, metavanadate and/or orthovanadate. Out of 107 isolates tested, 106 were capable of respiration on one or more of the oxyanions. Based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences, the bacterial community is phylogenetically and taxonomically highly diverse.
Description
Keywords
Tellurite, Tellurate, Selenite, Respiration, Reduction, Metalloids, Reductase, Vanadium, Tellurium, Selenium, Extremophile, Vanadate
Citation
Maltman C and Yurkov V (2014) The impact of tellurite on highly resistant marine bacteria and strategies for its reduction. International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Natural Resources, 1(3):109-119.
Maltman C, Yurkov V (2015) The effect of tellurite on highly resistant freshwater aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs and their strategies for reduction. Microorganisms. 3(4):826-838.
Maltman C, Piercey-Normore M, Yurkov V (2015) Tellurite-, tellurate-, and selenite-based anaerobic respiration by strain CM-3 isolated from gold mine tailings. Extremophiles. 19(5):1013-1019.
Maltman C, Walter G, Yurkov V (2016) A diverse community of metal(loid) oxide respiring bacteria is associated with tube worms in the vicinity of the Juan de Fuca Ridge black smoker field. PLoS One. 11(2):e0149812.
Maltman C, Yurkov V (2015) The effect of tellurite on highly resistant freshwater aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs and their strategies for reduction. Microorganisms. 3(4):826-838.
Maltman C, Piercey-Normore M, Yurkov V (2015) Tellurite-, tellurate-, and selenite-based anaerobic respiration by strain CM-3 isolated from gold mine tailings. Extremophiles. 19(5):1013-1019.
Maltman C, Walter G, Yurkov V (2016) A diverse community of metal(loid) oxide respiring bacteria is associated with tube worms in the vicinity of the Juan de Fuca Ridge black smoker field. PLoS One. 11(2):e0149812.