Custom-made root-analogue dental implant
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Dental implants are vital in modern dentistry, offering a durable and effective solution for various dental issues. Since their introduction for edentulous jaws, implants have been recognized as a reliable option for replacing missing teeth. Recent advancements in digital engineering, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and computer-aided design (CAD) techniques, have further enhanced implant dentistry. High-quality CT scans and sophisticated segmentation software now facilitate the reverse engineering of implants, enabling the creation of patient-specific root analog implants. This process involves generating computer models that accurately replicate anatomical features, including teeth. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), an additive manufacturing method, can then produce these customized implants, offering a faster and more patient-friendly alternative to traditional methods. The project's goal is to advance implant dentistry by developing a semi-automated protocol for patient-specific implants. This protocol aims to promote the adoption of root analog implants produced via DMLS. The developed tools will help dental professionals manage complex cases more effectively, benefiting many patients and improving implant survival rates. This approach also simplifies the implantation process, reducing the technological burden on dental professionals. Initially focused on custom-made implants, the project revealed inconsistencies in current fabrication methods, highlighting the need for standardized procedures. Our key achievements include a comprehensive review of custom-made root analog implants (RAIs). We developed a modeling protocol to convert CBCT scans of roots into scaffold roots, tested it with plastic prototypes, and manufactured titanium RAIs, which were CT-scanned and mechanically tested. Our findings indicate that the field of custom-made implant fabrication is still developing, with no standardized methods or clear guidelines. The modeling protocol effectively transforms CBCT scans into lattice structures with the desired pore size, although adjustments are needed for printing accuracy and quality. Future research, including additional testing and refinements, will be crucial to improving the process and ensuring implant performance. Standardizing methods and guidelines could unify practices across the industry, leading to more reliable and consistent outcomes in implant fabrication.