Means to improve the utilization of canola meal by broiler chickens: new low-fiber canola and the use of exogenous enzymes
| dc.contributor.author | Rad-Spice, Maya | |
| dc.contributor.examiningcommittee | Nyachoti, Martin (Animal Science) Crow, Gary (Animal Science) Levin, David (Biosystems Engineering) / Parsons, Carl (University of Illinois) | en_US |
| dc.contributor.supervisor | Slominski, Bogdan (Animal Science) | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2017-08-25T16:41:13Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2017-08-25T16:41:13Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2017 | en_US |
| dc.degree.discipline | Animal Science | en_US |
| dc.degree.level | Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Means of improving the quality of CM for poultry, including breeding for low-fiber canola and the use of exogenous enzymes, have been proposed. The objectives of the current study were: (1) To evaluate the chemical and nutritive composition of new yellow-seeded B. napus and B. juncea canola, (2) To investigate the effect of canola type and enzyme supplementation on AMEn and SID of amino acids, and growth performance of broiler chickens, (3) To explore the new carbohydrase enzymes for their ability to depolymerize NSP of CM in vitro, and (4) To evaluate the effect of new enzyme combinations in vivo with broiler chickens. In comparison with the conventional meal, yellow-seeded B. napus and B. juncea contained more crude protein, more sucrose, and less dietary fiber. The AMEn and SID amino acid values for yellow-seeded B. napus, B. juncea canola, and the conventional black-seeded B. napus were 1865, 2092 and 1902 kcal/kg DM, and 82.5, 83.2, and 81.8%, respectively. Enzyme addition resulted in a more pronounced effect on the AMEn content of B. juncea meal. When birds were fed diets containing 15% CM, BWG averaged 2.32, 2.30, 2.19, and 2.31 kg for the SBM-based Control, black and yellow B. napus, and B. juncea meals, respectively. A lower (P<0.05) BWG was observed in birds fed a diet containing 30% of B. juncea meal. In another experiment, enzyme supplementation improved FCR in chicks fed B. juncea meal. In the in vitro enzyme incubation studies, enzyme preparations galactanase/pectinase and cellulase/xylanase showed NSP degradation of more than 40%, and were subsequently used in the broiler chicken experiments. A lower BWG and higher intestinal viscosity were observed in birds fed the enzyme-supplemented diet containing 30% of B. juncea meal. High digesta viscosity could be attributed to the release of water-soluble NSP due to the low dietary enzyme concentration and/or unfavorable gut conditions. No differences in growth performance were observed in broiler chickens fed diets containing 15% of CM without and with enzyme preparations. Digestibility of NSP was higher in birds fed the enzyme-supplemented B. napus canola diet, although this effect was not translated into any visible improvement in growth performance. | en_US |
| dc.description.note | October 2017 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.citation | Animal Feed Science and Technology. 225, 97–108 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32377 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Elsevier | en_US |
| dc.rights | open access | en_US |
| dc.subject | Canola meal, Broiler chicken, Exogenous enzyme | en_US |
| dc.title | Means to improve the utilization of canola meal by broiler chickens: new low-fiber canola and the use of exogenous enzymes | en_US |
| dc.type | doctoral thesis | en_US |