Local level flood management, risk reduction, and coping and adapting in the Red River Valley, Manitoba, Canada
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The purpose of this research was to study the pattern of flood preparedness, response and recovery, and the drivers of changes in flood management, i.e., coping and adapting, in the Red River Valley of Manitoba, Canada. I conducted my research following a case study approach with a qualitative research design. My study included the communities of St. Adolphe and Ste. Agathe in the Rural Municipality (RM) of Ritchot in Southern Manitoba. Techniques and instruments that were applied for data collection included Key Informant Interviews (8), Oral History Interviews (7), and Document Review. The findings of the research revealed that local community-level flood preparedness, response, and recovery in the Province of Manitoba are primarily designed, governed, managed, and evaluated by Provincial government authorities using a top-down approach. Given that Canada has a long history of bailing out disaster victims, and as the approach has been generally non-participatory, community members show reluctance in taking precautionary measures, resulting in undesired losses and damages. The findings of my research also identified the major drivers of coping and adaptation measures for building flood resilience within the communities, which included: functioning partnerships among stakeholders, strong institutional structures that facilitate interactive learning, knowledge co-production, resource sharing, communication and information sharing, and infrastructure supports. However, there were only a few efforts to develop an institutional atmosphere conducive to spontaneous network development, yielding diverse coping and adaption strategies at the community level in the Province of Manitoba.