Circadian Patterns of Flight in a Long-Distance Migratory Songbird

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dc.contributor.authorWhite, Trina
dc.contributor.examiningcommitteeDavoren, Gail (Biological Sciences)
dc.contributor.supervisorFraser, Kevin
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-05T18:40:55Z
dc.date.available2024-07-05T18:40:55Z
dc.date.issued2024-07-05
dc.date.submitted2024-07-05T18:40:55Zen_US
dc.degree.disciplineBiological Sciences
dc.degree.levelBachelor of Science (B.Sc.)
dc.description.abstractMigration is a common strategy in many different animal taxa, including birds. Most migratory songbirds migrate mainly at night (i.e., nocturnal migrants), with some species migrating primarily during daytime (i.e., diurnal migrants). Some birds can even combine nocturnal and diurnal flights, but these tend to be associated with barrier crossings (e.g., long overwater flights). Whether diurnally migrating songbirds also incorporate night flights into other periods of their spring migrations despite a lack of migration barriers has not been investigated. Further, we lack a precise understanding of the influence of specific environmental conditions on day or night flight behaviour. We investigated circadian patterns of flight in purple martins (Progne subis), a long-distance migratory songbird that journeys between nonbreeding areas in South America and breeding sites in eastern North America. We used direct-tracking (GPS loggers) of individual spring migrations to quantify the daily timing of flights, flight speed, flight distance, and altitude as well as whether these factors were associated with temperature. Birds were tagged with GPS loggers in Winnipeg, Canada, which collected location and altitude every two hours during spring migration. We used Movebank to align location data with average local temperature. We found that martins migrated mainly during daylight, but surprisingly, 15% of flights overland occurred during the night. The average speed for daytime and nighttime flights was similar. We found that neither temperature nor timing of flights influenced flight speed and distance travelled, but flights at higher altitudes were associated with longer flight distance and faster speeds. Our results suggest that a species classified as a diurnal migrant routinely makes night flights overland that are not associated with crossing known migratory barriers. Further studies could increase the sample size of birds and the number of usable GPS fixes, which would allow us to track birds as close to their breeding grounds in temperate areas as possible.
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/38301
dc.language.isoeng
dc.subjectmigration
dc.subjectmigratory songbirds
dc.subjectpurple martin
dc.subjectProgne subis
dc.subjectnocturnal flight
dc.subjectdiurnal flight
dc.subjectcircadian patterns
dc.titleCircadian Patterns of Flight in a Long-Distance Migratory Songbird
local.author.affiliationFaculty of Science::Department of Biological Sciences
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