Abstract:

Introduction: African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) women in Manitoba are overrepresented in HIV infections relative to other racial groups. Yet, there are no community-based or participatory studies that have explored the stories of these women. The goal of this study was to explore how ACB women living with HIV in Winnipeg experience care and support to call attention to their lived realities, including highlighting the historical and cultural oppressions. Methods: Study participants were ACB women living with HIV (n=10) in Winnipeg, as well as healthcare staff (n=12). The qualitative research design was informed by critical race and feminist theoretical frameworks, incorporating intersectionality and constructivist grounded theory methodology for data generation, organization, and analysis. This study was also community-based and collaborated with several HIV-focused clinics in Winnipeg. The study focused on providing insight and developing a theoretical lens into the experiences of HIV care and support by HIV-positive ACB women through in-depth, semi-structured face-to-face and phone interviews. Results: Study findings revealed the specific life histories and themes of ACB women in Winnipeg, particularly highlighting trauma that informs and shapes their experiences. ACB women with HIV in Winnipeg and their care staff also expressed a lack of cultural care and support, how ACB women bear multiple loads, face language problems, experience long waiting times, and do not feel welcomed, including dealing with the cost of HIV medication. Findings show that the difficulties ACB women face involve multiple intersecting forms of oppression within social and health services and are at various levels. At the same time, ACB women commit to using HIV care, self-accepting their HIV-positive identity, connecting with religion and spirituality, and creating a stronger sense of themselves in order to live well with their condition. Implications: This study generates new knowledge and understanding of the experiences of ACB women living with HIV in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Study participants indicated a demand for consideration of the holistic needs of ACB women, which may include their cultural, linguistic, religious, and racial or ethnic characteristics. Stories from these women can inform future public health practices and interventions regarding HIV care and support in Winnipeg and across Canada.