Generation of recombinant capripoxvirus vaccines: the development of a bivalent peste des petits ruminants vaccine and a differentiating infected from vaccinated animal vaccine
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Date
2020-12
Authors
Teffera, Mahder
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Abstract
Capripoxvirus (CAPV) represents a genus of the poxviridae family which includes: sheep pox virus (SPPV), goat pox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) affecting sheep, goats, and cattle respectively. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of ruminants caused by the morbillivirus, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). These World Organization of Animal Health notifiable diseases continue to infect animals causing morbidity and mortality leading to direct and indirect economic losses in endemic countries. Currently, vaccination using live attenuated vaccines is used to control these diseases.
Due to the concurrent prevalence of CAPV and PPR, the use of a bivalent vaccine would be a cost effective approach to control the diseases in sheep and goats. A live attenuated CAPV vaccine was genetically modified to express an antigenic protein from PPR. This was done using the Romanian CAPV vaccine and inserting the hemagglutinin (H) protein of PPR (Moroccan) in the IL-10 homologue gene region. This project offers a solution for the eradication of PPR as provides a thermostable vaccine which can be used instead of live attenuated PPR vaccines which are thermos-labile. Additionally, it provides a cost effective method to control CAPV diseases and PPR.
The second project deals with differentiating infected from vaccinated animal vaccines (DIVA). Due to the complete immune response generated by immunized animals to conventional vaccines, it is not possible to use existing serological tests to identify whether an animal has been vaccinated or infected. Two live attenuated CAPV vaccines were utilized to generate these vaccines by attempting to knock out what was believed to be a non-essential gene. These attempts to knock out the CP25 gene of both LSDV and SPPV were not successful. It was determined that the CP25 protein is likely essential for virus replication. This project is important since it would provide an improved solution to respond to CAPV outbreaks in endemic and non-endemic countries. The current spread of LSDV throughout Europe and previous reported outbreaks of SPPV, GTPV, and LSDV in many countries highlights the need for a DIVA vaccine to improve the control of CAPV diseases.
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Keywords
Recombinant Vaccines, Animal Vaccines, Capripoxviruses, Vectored Vaccine, Bivalent Vaccine, DIVA Vaccine
Citation
Teffera, M., & Babiuk, S. (2019). Potential of using Capripoxvirus vectored vaccines against arboviruses in sheep, goats, and cattle. Front Vet Sci, 6, 450. doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00450