Sex-based diverse plaque microbiota in children with severe caries
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Date
2020
Authors
Cruz de Jesus, Vivianne
Shikder, Rayhan
Oryniak, Derek
Mann, Kelsey
Alamri, Abeer
Mittermuller, Betty-Anne
Duan, Kangmin
Hu, Pingzhao
Schroth, Robert J
Chelikani, Prashen
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Abstract
Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is a multifactorial disease that can lead to suffering and reduced oral health related quality of life in young children. The bacterial and fungal composition of dental plaque and how children`s sex is associated with S-ECC are largely unknown. In this study, V4-16S rRNA and ITS1 rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to compare the plaque bacteriome and mycobiome of children <72 months of age; 40 with S-ECC (15 males, 25 females) and 40 caries-free (19 males, 21 females). Health- and nutrition-related questionnaire data were also investigated. This study aimed to analyze potential sex-based differences in the supragingival plaque microbiota of young children with S-ECC and those caries-free. Behavioral and nutritional habit differences were observed between children with SECC and those caries-free and between male and female children. Overall, higher levels of Veillonella dispar, Streptococcus mutans and other bacterial species, were found in the S-ECC group compared to caries-free controls (p < 0.05). A significant difference in the abundance of Neisseria was observed between males and females with S-ECC (p < 0.05). Fungal taxonomic analysis showed significantly higher levels of Candida dubliniensis in the plaque of children with S-ECC compared to caries-free (p < 0.05), but no differences were observed with Ca. albicans (p > 0.05). Significant differences in the relative abundance of Mycosphaerella, Cyberlindnera and Trichosporon fungal species were also observed between the caries-free and S-ECC groups (p < 0.05). Machine learning analysis revealed the most important bacterial and fungal species for classifying S-ECC versus caries-free. Different patterns of crosstalk between microbial species were observed between male and female children. Our work demonstrates that plaque microbiota and sex may be important determinants for S-ECC and could be factors to consider for inclusion in caries risk assessment tools.
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Keywords
Dental caries; child, preschool; human microbiome; fungi; bacteria; machine learning