The action of oleic acid, oleoylethanolamide and allied genetic variants in influencing body composition

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Date
2019
Authors
Sihag, Jyoti
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Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are lipid-derived signalling mediators synthesized from fatty acids (FA) that regulate numerous pathophysiological functions. Pharmacological research has explored the area of NAEs, while only limited nutritional studies have been conducted to understand the role of diet FA composition on NAE levels and the actions of NAEs, especially, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) on food intake-energy expenditure (EE) regulation and body composition (BC). The objective of this research was, therefore, to investigate plasma and tissue/organ NAE concentrations in hamsters in response to consumption of various dietary oils with different FA composition to understand the actions on EE and BC. A further objective was to characterize the effect of diets varying in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) composition on plasma NAE concentrations and BC variables in humans. A human clinical trial using a cross-over design and energy-controlled paradigm was performed to elucidate the role of diet × genetic polymorphism interactions on NAEs and their influence on BC parameters. Results from both animal and human trials reveal that dietary FA composition influenced both plasma and tissue FA and NAE levels, with marked increases observed in plasma C18:1n9 and corresponding OEA levels after C18:1n9-enriched treatments. Animal data showed significant shifts in intestinal-brain OEA concentrations post-consumption of C18:1n9-enriched diets. A negative correlation was observed between gut-brain OEA concentrations and body weight. No differences were observed across olive oil, high oleic canola oil (HOCO), and HOCO diets with omega-3 FA blends in terms of EE and overall BC. The human trial data demonstrated an inverse relationship between the intake of C18:1n9 and alterations in body weight as a function of LEPR rs1137101-AA vs -GG polymorphism. The diet-genotype pattern interactions also showed elevated concentrations of plasma OEA in participants possessing the GRP40 rs1573611-T allele post-consumption of high-MUFA, but not low-MUFA diets. The findings demonstrate that plasma OEA concentrations reflect the dietary pattern of C18:1n9 intake and may be influenced by GRP40 rs1573611 polymorphism. Humans possessing GPR40 rs1573611-T and LEPR rs1137101-AA polymorphisms could benefit more from ingestion of C18:1n9-enriched dietary oils. Henceforth, we summarize that the endogenously synthesized increased OEA levels in the tissues enable the gut-brain-interrelationship. It can be speculated that the brain transmits anorexic properties mediated via neuronal signalling influenced by genetic variations; which may contribute to the maintenance of healthy body weight, consequently affecting the overall BC and wellness. Thus, the benefits of OEA can be enhanced by the inclusion of C18:1n9-enriched diets, pointing to the possible nutritional use of this naturally occurring bioactive lipid-amide in the management of obesity.
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Keywords
Obesity, Endocannabinoid, Oleic acid, Oleoylethanolamide, Satiety
Citation
Sihag J, Jones PJH. Oleoylethanolamide: The role of a bioactive lipid amide in modulating eating behaviour. Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes 2018; 19: 178–197.
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