Faculty of Arts Scholarly Works

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1993/36341

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Access status: Open Access ,
Bones at Home Supporting Haptic Learning and Universal Design beyond the Biological Anthropology Laboratory
(2024-10-14) Gilmour, Rebecca J.; Gamble, Julia A.
Remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a range of pedagogical challenges for anthropology laboratory courses. In biological anthropology courses such as Human Osteology, hands-on experience is essential to achieving learning outcomes, including basic bone and feature (i.e., landmark) identification, identification from fragmentary remains, and age and sex estimation. To address the need for training that includes object-based, tactile (haptic) learning in fields such as biological anthropology and archaeology, all Human Osteology students at Mount Royal University and the University of Manitoba took home plastic model skeletons. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well remotely educated undergraduates (REUs) met human osteology learning objectives when supported by plastic model skeletons at home. We present the results of a survey designed to test core osteological skills obtained by REUs in comparison with undergraduates educated with in-person laboratory components (IPUs) and experts in the field (zero to four and five or more years of experience). REU scores did not differ significantly from those of IPU or Junior Experts with less than five years of experience. Students performed well in bone identification but were limited in their ability to apply common sex and age estimation methods and to identify incomplete elements. Our findings reinforce the importance of haptic learning and years of experience in human osteological learning. They support the use of take-home models as valuable resources in both remote and in-person undergraduate teaching. This work is a step toward more inclusive universal instructional design that can be applied across various anthropology laboratory courses.
Access status: Open Access ,
A First-Century Receipt from the Receivers of Public Clothing in Tebtunis (P.Tebt. UC 1607c)
(2019) Gibbs, Matt; Sampson, C. Michael
An edition of a first-century Tebtunis papyrus containing a letter from the receivers of public clothing, with analyses of both this liturgical office as well as the practice of compulsory sale for the supply of military clothing.
Access status: Open Access ,
Area G and the Digging of Kom Aushim
(de Gruyter, 2024-01-17) Sampson, C. Michael
An analysis of the early history of digging at Kom Aushim and the Museum archaeology of Karanis papyri purchased on the Egyptian antiquities market is combined with archaeological data from the University of Michigan’s excavations to locate purchased papyri in the archaeological record.
Access status: Open Access ,
FDI-growth and trade-growth relationships during crises: evidence from Bangladesh
(Springer Open, 2024-02-09) Sarker, Bibhuti
This study examines foreign direct investment (FDI)-growth and trade-growth relationships in Bangladesh during three major crises: the economic crisis of 2007–2008, the commodity crisis of 2016, and the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic of 2020. The augmented autoregressive distributed lag (AARDL) bounds testing approach and Bayer and Hanck cointegration are employed on time-series data spanning the period 1974–2020. The results suggest that exports have positive effects on economic growth, while imports have insignificant effects in both the short run and long run. Total trade (the sum of exports and imports) has a positive but weakly significant effect on economic growth only in the long run, whereas FDI exhibits a positive effect in both the short run and long run. Although the crises are not found to affect economic growth directly or through trade (i.e., no dampening effect on trade-led growth), they are found to distort FDI-led growth in both the short run and long run. As robustness tests for long-run elasticities, the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) cointegration techniques are implemented, yielding results similar to those obtained with the AARDL.
Access status: Open Access ,
Deconstructing the Provenances of P.Sapph.Obbink
(American Society of Papyrologists, 2020-10-20) Sampson, C. Michael
The analysis of a recently surfaced Christie's brochure proposing P.Sapph.Obbink for private treaty sale calls into question the published accounts of the papyrus' provenance.
Access status: Open Access ,
Preliminary archaeological survey in São Tomé
(BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF AFRICANIST ARCHAEOLOGISTS, 2023-07-06) Aymeric Nsangou, Jacques; Rocha de Avilez, Gabriel; Wheat, David
2022 report of the preliminary archaeological survey in São Tomé e Principe
Access status: Open Access ,
How essentialist reasoning about language acquisition relates to educational myths and policy endorsements
(SpringerOpen, 2023-05-05) Sun, Xin; Nancekivell, Shaylene E.; Shah, Priti; Gelman, Susan A.
Abstract How people conceptualize learning is related to real-world educational consequences across many domains of education. Despite its centrality to the educational system, we know little about how the public reasons about language acquisition, and the potential consequences for their thinking about real-world issues (e.g., policy endorsements). The current studies examined people’s essentialist beliefs about language acquisition (e.g., that language is innate and biologically based), then investigated how individual differences in these beliefs related to the endorsement of educational myths and policies. We probed several dimensions of essentialist beliefs, including that language acquisition is innate, genetically based, and wired in the brain. In two studies, we tested specific hypotheses regarding the extent to which people use essentialist thinking when reasoning about: learning a specific language (e.g., Korean), learning a first language more generally, and learning two or more languages. Across studies, participants were more likely to essentialize the ability to learn multiple languages than one’s first language, and more likely to essentialize the learning of multiple languages and one’s first language than the learning of a particular language. We also found substantial individual differences in the degree to which participants essentialized language acquisition. In both studies, these individual differences correlated with an endorsement of language-related educational neuromyths (Study 1 and pre-registered Study 2), and rejection of educational policies that promote multilingual education (Study 2). Together, these studies reveal the complexity of how people reason about language acquisition and its corresponding educational consequences.
Access status: Open Access ,
A cross-national, cross-sectional study of women's retention and advancement in Information Technology (IT) and Engineering careers – Canada Report
(2023-05-23) Hoang, Lyn; Dengate, Jennifer.; Peter, Tracey; Farenhorst, Annemieke
This report offers summary results from the Canada-phase of the Cross-National, Cross-Sectional Study of Women’s Retention and Advancement in Information Technology and Engineering Careers project. Women continue to be underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematic (STEM) fields. This research highlights factors that contribute to the retention and attrition rates of women working in engineering and information and communication technology (EICT) jobs across Canada. The primary objective of this study is to identify the impact of welfare state entitlements, job factors, and family/individual circumstances on women’s intent to stay or leave their jobs. Our findings suggest that job-related factors such as dissatisfaction with salary, few promotion opportunities, and long working hours have the biggest impact on job attrition. As well, emotional exhaustion from the interference of work and life, experiences of sexual harassment and sexual microaggressions, exclusion from peer networks, and a lack of institutional/organizational support can create toxic work environments that contribute to women’s decision to leave their jobs. Therefore, supportive workplaces that offer flexible work options to promote work-life balance, good pay, peer inclusion, and work autonomy can improve job retention. Improvements to welfare state entitlements including childcare, parental leave, elder care, and/or illness/injury leave may also reduce the pressures of work-life interference and improve the work-life balance of EICT women who continue to be primary caregivers. The respondents for the Canada survey also highlight the continued presence of gendered informal and formal networks that are male-dominated within EICT workplaces. It remains a challenge to find “good” mentors and mentors of diversity that can assist them with career advancement. Another objective of this study is to evaluate the impact and variation of these circumstances by employment sector and work type. We directly compared the experiences of women working in engineering to computer science and information technology (CSIT), as well as women working in the academic sector to the non-academic sector. Our findings indicate that there are pros and cons to working in each work area and/or sector. In the future, we will compare these results to similar surveys administered in Sweden and Germany to uncover potential similarities and differences in job attrition and retention. Overall, the statistical analysis demonstrates that, despite increased efforts to improve gender equity across STEM fields, gender inequalities, stereotypes, and biases remain problems within EICT in Canada, shaping women’s day to day workplace experiences across employment sectors. We would like to thank the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council for their support and funding of this project.
Access status: Open Access ,
Women’s experiences of trauma, the psychosocial impact and health service needs during the perinatal period
(BioMed Central (BMC), 2023-03-21) Perera, Essence; Chou, Sharon; Cousins, Nicole; Mota, Natalie; Reynolds, Kristin
Abstract Background Traumatic events are associated with psychological and physical health problems for women in the perinatal period (i.e., pregnancy-12-months after childbirth). Despite the negative impact of trauma on perinatal women, the long-term impact of such diverse trauma and women’s experience during the perinatal period remains understudied. Methods This study explored two research questions: 1) What are the psychological experiences of perinatal women who have experienced interpersonal traumatic events? And 2) What are the service needs and gaps expressed by women relating to perinatal medical protocols and psychological services? These questions were addressed via in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews with nine perinatal women (one pregnant and eight postpartum) residing in central Canada who reported experiencing interpersonal traumatic events occurring from adolescence to the perinatal period. Recruitment and data collection occurred from October 2020 to June 2021. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to constructivist grounded theory. Results The emergent grounded theory model revealed the central theme of the role of prior trauma in shaping women’s perinatal experiences, with four related main themes including perinatal experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of social support in women’s perinatal experiences, the barriers that women experienced while seeking psychological and medical services prior to the perinatal period and during the perinatal period, and the specific needs of perinatal women with a history of interpersonal trauma. Conclusions Findings of this research highlight the negative and long-lasting impact of traumatic events experienced on women’s psychological health and psychosocial functioning during the perinatal period, as well as perinatal women’s unmet psychological and medical service needs. A call to action for perinatal researchers and clinicians is imperative in furthering this important area of research and practicing person-centered and trauma-informed care with this population.
Access status: Open Access ,
Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health (BEAM): an open-pilot and feasibility study of a digital mental health and parenting intervention for mothers of infants
(BMC, 2023-02-18) Xie, E. B.; Freeman, Makayla; Penner-Goeke, Lara; Reynolds, Kristin; Lebel, Catherine; Giesbrecht, Gerald F.; Rioux, Charlie; MacKinnon, Anna; Sauer-Zavala, Shannon; Roos, Leslie E.; Tomfohr-Madsen, Lianne
Background Maternal mental health concerns and parenting stress in the first few years following childbirth are common and pose significant risks to maternal and child well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increases in maternal depression and anxiety and has presented unique parenting stressors. Although early intervention is crucial, there are significant barriers to accessing care. Methods To inform a larger randomized controlled trial, the current open-pilot trial investigated initial evidence for the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a newly developed online group therapy and app-based mental health and parenting program (BEAM) for mothers of infants. Forty-six mothers 18 years or older with clinically elevated depression scores, with an infant aged 6–17 months old, and who lived in Manitoba or Alberta were enrolled in the 10-week program (starting in July 2021) and completed self-report surveys. Results The majority of participants engaged in each of the program components at least once and participants indicated relatively high levels of app satisfaction, ease of use, and usefulness. However, there was a high level of attrition (46%). Paired-sample t-tests indicated significant pre- to post-intervention change in maternal depression, anxiety, and parenting stress, and in child internalizing, but not externalizing symptoms. Effect sizes were in the medium to high range, with the largest effect size observed for depressive symptoms (Cohen’s d = .93). Discussion This study shows moderate levels of feasibility and strong preliminary efficacy of the BEAM program. Limitations to program design and delivery are being addressed for testing in adequately powered follow-up trials of the BEAM program for mothers of infants. Trial registration NCT04772677 . Registered on February 26 2021.
Access status: Open Access ,
The David G. Hogarth Papyri
(Universitätsbibliothek, Universität Heidelberg, 2022-12-21) Sampson, C. Michael
Archival study of the papyrological acquisitions of David G. Hogarth (1862–1927)
Access status: Open Access ,
New Light on P.Mich. 15 686
(Universitätsbibliothek, Universität Heidelberg, 2022-12-21) Sampson, C. Michael
Re-edition of P.Mich. 15 686, including analysis of the papyrus' archaeological context.
Access status: Open Access ,
Bone strength in Medieval Denmark: robusticity analyses from a rural and urban sample
(University of Florida Press, 2022-07-27) Parker, Kaela; Larcombe, Linda; Stock, Jay T.; Boldsen, Jesper; Marx-Wolf, Heidi; Hoppa, Robert D.
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to understand the transition in lower limb loading and terrestrial mobility during the urbanization revolution in medieval Denmark. This was accomplished by comparing the cross sectional geometric properties of the femora from two populations, the rural cemetery of Tirup and the urban Black Friars cemetery. Materials and Methods: Using two skeletal samples, the rural cemetery of Tirup, Jutland (1150-1350 A.D.), and the urban Black Friars cemetery, Funen (1240-1607 A.D.), cross sectional geometric properties of the right femora were examined. The cross sectional geometric properties of adult long bones are reflections of in-vivo loading. General patterns of relative mechanical loading during life can be interpreted by calculating the cross sectional geometric properties of a long bone’s diaphysis. Compressive and tensile rigidity and strength (CA), maximum and minimum bending rigidity (Imin, Imax), torsional rigidity (J), bending rigidity along the anteroposterior and mediolateral axes (Ix, Iy), and diaphyseal shape (Imax/Imin; Ix/Iy) at the femoral midshaft were calculated from 104 CT scans, 48 from Tirup (32 males, 16 females) and 56 from Black Friars (38 males, 18 females). Results: The results indicate significantly greater robusticity among the Black Friars sample for both males and females. Discussion: In opposition to the prevalent understanding of physicality in medieval communities, the results suggest that lower limb loading (and inferred terrestrial mobility) was greater in the urban setting. Cemetery make-up and population variation between the samples cannot, however, be discounted.
Access status: Open Access ,
THE SUBTLETIES OF STRESS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SKELETAL LESIONS BETWEEN THE MEDIEVAL AND POST-MEDIEVAL BLACK FRIARS CEMETERY POPULATION (13TH TO 17TH CENTURIES)
(International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2018-07-17) Scott, Amy B.; Hoppa, Robert D.
The study of stress from an osteological perspective is challenging as we use skeletal remains to explore the lived experience and patterns of health. As an intricate overlap of multiple biological processes, the stress response system guides our understanding of how and why stress manifests as it does. Using traditional osteological methods of stress analysis, specifically cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis and enamel hypoplastic lesions, this study focuses on the relationship between these indicators to explore differences in stress manifestation in the medieval and post-medieval periods in Denmark. Using the Black Friars cemetery population (13th – 17th centuries), results show an increase in stress from the medieval into the post-medieval period likely dictated by the strains of urbanism on a predominantly poor population. Additionally, a younger mean age at death was noted when multiple mild-moderate indicators were present as compared to one severe indicator being present. A recognition of the intricacies of the stress response effectively aids in the exploration of stress manifestation and the relationship, if any, between these well-used skeletal indicators.
Access status: Open Access ,
A RE-EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF RADIOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION ON THE IDENTIFICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF HARRIS LINES
(American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2015) Scott, Amy B.; Hoppa, Robert D.
The identification of Harris lines through radiographic analysis has been well-established since their discovery in the late 19th century. Most commonly associated with stress, the study of Harris lines has been fraught with inconsistent identification standards, high levels of intra- and inter-observer error, and the inevitability of skeletal remodelling. Despite these methodological challenges, the use of Harris lines remains an important contributor to studies of health in archaeological populations. This research explores the radiographic process, specifically orientation and how Harris lines are initially captured for study. Using the Black Friars (13th – mid 17th centuries) skeletal sample from Denmark, 157 individuals (134 adults; 23 subadults) were radiographically analyzed in both an anterior-posterior (A-P) and medial-lateral (M-L) view for the left and right radii and tibiae. Based on the current methodological standards within the literature, it was hypothesized that the A-P view would provide the best resolution and visualization of Harris lines. The results, however, show that the number of lines visible in the M-L view were significantly higher than those visible in the A-P view; inferring that the M-L view is superior for the study of Harris lines.
Access status: Open Access ,
THE ICE AGE WITH LITTLE EFFECT? EXPLORING STRESS IN THE DANISH BLACK FRIARS CEMETERY BEFORE AND AFTER THE TURN OF THE 14TH CENTURY
(International Journal of Palaeopathology, 2019-09) Scott, Amy B.; Hoppa, Robert D.
The Little Ice Age, beginning in Europe in the 14th century, saw a period of climatic cooling and increased precipitation where food sources dwindled and famine became rampant, particularly in urban city centers. This study focuses on the Black Friars population (13th-17th centuries) to explore changes in stress in Denmark at the onset of the Little Ice Age. This study specifically explores the periods before and after the turn of the 14th century. Forty-five adult individuals were analyzed for cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and enamel hypoplastic lesions. Results showed no statistically significant differences between the prevalence of these stress indicators between either time period; however, reduced age at death and increased lesion frequency was more prevalent post-1300. It was expected that increased stress would be evident in those buried after the turn of the 14th century due to the many challenges associated with wide spread climatic cooling; however, the reliance on nutrient rich marine resources and alms provisions may have helped lessen the burden of these stressors during this period of climatic hardship. Additionally, while famine characterized the beginning of the 14th century, agricultural rebound shortly after this period may have also influenced the stress levels observed.
Access status: Open Access ,
P.Hamb.graec. 185: Garden Tax Between the Archives of (Lucius) Iulius Serenus and Gemellus Horion
(2022-07-01) Sampson, C. Michael
Edition of a Hamburg papyrus containing a receipt for garden tax paid to Aurelius Melas, secretary of the tax collectors in Karanis.
Access status: Open Access ,
A Note on Decolonization, Poststructuralism, and Method in Indigenous Critical Theory
(Journal of Multidisciplinary Research at Trent, 2022-03-08) Maton, Timothy
The meaning of the word 'decolonization' is rapidly changing in Canada. Today, the word has re-penetrated the psychology of mainstream Canadians. And, with mainstream society now finding the term effective and useful for advertising products the synonymity of the term with 'anti-colonial' is becoming a problem. Decolonization appears to be a decolonial term, but when I carefully critique its ideological usage by settler colonials, I find it's almost guaranteed that the contemporary usage of the term will come full circle. As it enters the mainstream market economy, the term gets structured primarily by profit motives rather than community values. Very soon, popular usage of decolonization will once again refer to a matrix of settler colonial values, rather than the independent community-based processes which grassroots Indigenous and anti-colonial peoples have used. As decolonization terminology becomes popular in Canada's mainstream, it will methodologically contradict the grassroots’ anti-colonial aspirations. In this paper, I've tried to understand how Indigenous people might be influenced by the structuralist patterns of thought in anti-Indigenous or modernist knowledge frameworks, I have looked at how bureaucratic institutions reinventing decolonization use the ideology of profit to assimilate Indigenous peoples using old progress ideologies that drive the historical master-narrative of settler colonial nations like Canada. The final section looks at how those ideologies produce categories of identity that promote a progress narrative that is continuing to seek the assimilation of Indigenous peoples into the settler colonial system's public market economy. Here I've advocated for a post-structuralist method for comprehending Indigenous decolonization movement.
Access status: Open Access ,
How Canadian Policy used the Protestant Work Ethic to Injure the Indigenous Peoples of the Northwest Plains Relationship to the Earth
(Journal of Multidisciplinary Research at Trent, 2020-01-14) Maton, Timothy
It’s only been a very short time since the occident began to think of religion as something distinct from the Commonwealth's governing body. Likewise, to believe that Canada's labor policy is somehow divorced from those roots, and to think in terms of a divide between political social ideas and religion would have been, until very recently, an audacious point of view. Therefore, the purpose of this essay, will be to look at how the political objectives of North Western Canada's labor policies were derived from conceptions of work rooted in religious ideology. This essay argues that North Western Canada's labor policies are inflected by an economy of knowledge that ideologically injures and challenges Indigenous people’s relationships to the earth using religiously defined ideas including the ubiquitous concept of the Protestant work ethic. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how the contemporary conception of work became defined by the Apostolic Protestant work ethic expressed in various symbolic associations including the figure of the ox. This essay demonstrates why the metaphysical analogy associated with oxen is useful to weaponization of Apostolic notions of work; designed to destroy Indigenous people’s relationship to the earth. This paper draws upon historical evidence that shows that since ancient times, labor has been weaponized against earthly Indigenous lifeways. Central to this essay is how Canada's North Western magistrate policies have weaponized the religious economy of knowledge called the Protestant work ethic.
Access status: Open Access ,
“Universal" developmental sequences may hide big surprises: The case of the sit-crawl-point sequence
(International Congress of Infant Studies, 2022-06-30) Lall, Debra I. K.; Eaton, Warren
Infant self-locomotion by crawling predicts the onset of later shared attention between a baby and an adult via pointing. The claim that self-locomotion is crucial for attention would be weakened if a stationary pre-crawling milestone like sitting was also predictive. We found that sitting onset did indeed predict pointing onset. The necessity of self-locomotion was further weakened by our finding that 25% of babies point before they crawl.

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