Faculty of Arts Scholarly Works

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Access status: Open Access ,
Lessons learned: challenges in recruiting and engaging people with heavy cannabis use for online interventions in Canada
(BMC, 2026-04-16) Rysen, Karli K.; Mackenzie, Corey S.; Carusone, Julian M.; Schaub, Michael P.; Wenger, Andreas; Wallbridge, Harold; Edgerton, Jason D.; Kruk, Richard; Keough, Matthew T.
Background: People who seek treatment often disengage between completing screening and starting treatment. Among those who begin treatment, many have low completion of program content and are lost to follow up. Currently, little is known about predictive factors of treatment initiation and engagement. The aims of this secondary analysis of the Canadian CANreduce program were to discuss the practicality of a randomized controlled trial for online heavy cannabis use treatment and to examine predictors of treatment initiation and engagement in the Canadian CANreduce program. Method: The CANreduce intervention was pre-registered on clinicaltrials.gov for traceability (ID: NCT04965012). Statistical models were organized into three conceptual predictor groupings using baseline data: individual cannabis-specific factors, mental health and other substance use factors, and treatment belief factors. Binary logistic regressions examined which factors predicted treatment initiation in the CANreduce treatment program and multiple regression analyses examined which factors predicted percentage of the CANreduce program modules completed among participants who initiated treatment. Results: Despite following the core elements of published treatment retention protocols, challenges in recruitment were evident. Of 928 people who created a profile on the website and began screeners, 86.3% (n = 801) completed screeners. Of the 801 who completed screeners, 31.3% (n = 251) were eligible for the program. Of those eligible and assigned to active treatment, 54.3% (n = 51) assigned to the therapist condition and 45.7% (n = 43) assigned to the research assistant condition initiated treatment. Treatment initiation predictors included higher cannabis use problems score, lower family history density, increased alcohol use frequency, and more positive attitudes towards treatment. Treatment engagement (percentage of program completed) predictors included increased social motives for cannabis use and more positive attitudes towards treatment. Discussion: This secondary analysis shifts the focus from treatment efficacy to pre-treatment attrition and early engagement in an online cannabis intervention. Substantial recruitment and initiation challenges were observed, highlighting vulnerabilities in the treatment-seeking pathway before content is accessed. By identifying predictors of treatment initiation and module completion, this study offers practical “lessons learned” to inform recruitment and engagement strategies in future online cannabis trials.
Access status: Open Access ,
Advancing family wellbeing through a Massive Online Open Intervention: the LightBEAM program protocol for randomized waitlist control trial {1a}
(BMC, 2026-02-02) Sitka, Madissen; Simpson, Kaeley; Paton, Allyson; MacKinnon, Anna; afifi, tracie; Cameron, Emily E.; Hai, Tasmia; Stewart-Tufescu, Ashley; Gonzalez, Andrea; Toombs, Elaine; Unger, Jo Ann; Giuliano, Ryan; Mushquash, Aislin; Archibald, Mandy; Tomfohr-Madsen, Lianne; Roos, Leslie E.
While early childhood remains a formative period for healthy child development, it is simultaneously a time when parents experience increased mental health challenges. Such increased challenges (e.g., heightened parental stress, anxiety, depression, etc.) can lead to a variety of adverse child outcomes, including increased risk of externalizing and internalizing disorders. Despite the well-documented effects of parental mental health on child development, Canadian families face a plethora of barriers to accessing services in a timely manner, and as such, low-barrier, accessible mental health supports are needed. In an effort to increase available services to Canadian families, the current study translates the BEAM program (Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health; thebeamprogram.com), a previously established online parenting and mental health app, into LightBEAM a massive open online intervention (MOOI). By translating an efficacious intervention into a MOOI format, we hope to increase accessibility, scalability, and reach of the program in an effort to better support Canadian families. To investigate the efficacy of translating BEAM into LightBEAM, a pilot waitlist control design will be utilized. Canadian families who are parenting a child between the ages of 1.5 and 8 years old and who are experiencing elevated symptoms of parenting stress, anxiety, depression, and/or anger will be recruited. When moving through the intervention arm of the trial, participants will have access to an app that houses 12 weeks of parenting and mental health videos, a group forum, and weekly exercises to reinforce key skills learned. A combination of Multilevel modeling and mediation models will be utilized to assess changes in participants' elevated mental health scores across the 12-week program and the 6-month follow-up period. Additionally, post-program focus groups will be conducted to further explore the feasibility and acceptability of the program. The translation of BEAM into LightBEAM, a national MOOI, has the potential to increase the scalability of this intervention to ensure that Canadian families have access to timely mental health and parenting supports. Results will be used to inform future iterations of the program. This trial was retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrial.gov NCT07026838 on June 10th, 2025{4}. Protocol Version 1, August 2025 {2}.
Access status: Open Access ,
Data ownership judgments in childhood
(Springer, 2026-02-22) Nancekivell, Shaylene E.; Vanstone, Abby; Nishikiori, Kazuki
As adults, we experience discomfort when we hear about how our data has not been safeguarded by apps. Despite this being a common experience, the psychological processes that underlie people’s reasoning about data ownership and rights are poorly understood. Using a developmental approach, the current investigation examines the psychology of data ownership. We test the specific proposal that people have a coherent theory of ownership that leads them to view data as owned and under owners’ control at the same developmental time point. In both studies (N = 218), children ages 5–12 were told about a user who shares personal and general information with an app. Children then had to decide who it belongs to (Study 1) and who is in charge of it (Study 2). During middle childhood, children view users as owners of personal information and therefore entitled to control it suggesting coherence in their representations of non-physical property types. Findings also suggest that by 8-years-old children have the cognition in place to think of data as property and therefore understand their data rights online.
Access status: Open Access ,
Evidence-based therapist guided introduction to online heavy cannabis use treatment in Canadian adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
(BMC, 2026-01-17) Rysen, Karli; Carusone, Julian M.; Wardell, Jeffrey D.; Schaub, Michael P.; Wenger, Andreas; Wallbridge, Harold R.; Edgerton, Jason D.; Kruk, Richard; Mackenzie, Corey S.; Keough, Matthew T.
Background: Many people who engage in heavy cannabis use do not seek treatment, and those who do are often met with long treatment wait times or high cost of services. Online treatment programs reduce barriers to accessing treatment in a timely manner. Online cannabis use treatment programs are effective, showing moderate effect sizes, particularly with text-based therapist support. Literature suggests brief therapist-guided introductions (i.e., self-completed interventions offered with the support of a therapist) informed by Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) may help to bolster and maintain program gains. The current evaluation of MET-informed therapist-guided introduction was conducted with a sample of Canadians who report heavy cannabis use, using a new Canadian version of CANreduce, an online treatment program for heavy cannabis use. Method: The intervention was pre-registered on clinicaltrials.gov for traceability (ID: NCT04965012). Participants (N = 152) were randomized into one of three conditions: MET-therapist guided introduction plus 6-week, online, self-guided treatment program; non-MET research assistant introduction plus 6-week, online, self-guided treatment program; or a psychoeducational control condition. Module content to reduce cannabis use was informed by cognitive behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing approaches. Participants completed assessments at baseline, end of treatment (i.e., 6 weeks), and at follow up (i.e., 10 weeks). Data were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations. Results: All participants reduced their cannabis consumption frequency (use days in the past week), as well as cannabis-related problems, at end of treatment and follow up. Participants in the MET-therapist condition showed significantly greater reductions in quantity of cannabis used over time compared to the waitlist control. Participants in the non-MET research assistant condition showed significantly greater reductions in cannabis problems compared to waitlist control. There were no significant differences between MET-therapist guided conditions and non-MET research assistant conditions. There was no significant effect of condition on cannabis consumption days in the past week, anxiety, depression or quality of life. Conclusion: The present study provides preliminary support for the CANreduce program in addition to the MET-therapist guided introduction.
Access status: Open Access ,
Sébastien Brémond’s Paratexts: Authorship, Genre, and Masculinity
(University of Toronto Press, 2024-06-26) Keating, Erin
In this article, I argue that Sébastien Brémond (1646?–1705?) used his dedicatory paratexts to create a homosocial bond between the author and libertine members of the French faction at Charles II’s court. Coupled with Brémond’s use of the secret history genre and his North African settings that catered to the “Ottomanphilia” of the court during the 1670s, these paratexts situated Brémond as a court insider close to the king, ascribing him with some of the celebrity inherent in that court, and appealing to a wider audience eager to read about the antics of the libertine circle and the king. Looking at these paratexts as a group shows the translatability of the secret history genre across readerships, across political factions, and through time, while the case of Brémond reveals the ways that changing readerships impacted an author’s control over the meanings of their texts and their own authorial persona.
Access status: Open Access ,
Reducing undergraduate students’ trust of commercial contract cheating websites with an academic support literacy intervention
(BMC, 2025-10-14) Kreitz, Sydney; Stoesz, Brenda M.
The acquisition of products and services from the commercial contract cheating industry has an extensive history, with the industry experiencing significant growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since then, these commercial entities have added generative artificial intelligence (genAI) to their websites to ensure continued use of their services by postsecondary students. Cheating providers use various other persuasive features (e.g., assurance of quality work, use of the words ‘guarantee’ and ‘secure’) to convince students to trust them and become customers. To counter the efforts of commercial cheating services, education about the cheating industry and academic integrity should reduce any trust that students have in them. We developed an academic support literacy module about appropriate (e.g., university assistance, legitimate tutors) and inappropriate (e.g., contract cheating services) academic support. Before and after the module, 39 introductory psychology students rated how much they trusted various websites using a 12-item consumer trust scale. Although a drop in trust after viewing the module was significant for all three types of academic support websites, it was greatest for contract cheating websites. Significant correlations were also found between the non-planning aspects of impulsiveness (as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale [BIS-11]; Patton et al. J Clin Psychol 51(6):768–774, 1995) and reputation ratings given for the contract cheating websites. Further study of perceptions (using objective and subjective measures) of contract cheating websites and how aspects of impulsiveness on website perceptions is necessary for the continued development of educational interventions to reduce temptations to engage with the industry. Our study findings contribute to the literature on the promotion of academic integrity and prevention of academic misconduct, particularly contract cheating, through education.
Access status: Open Access ,
Parent and caregiver preferences for eHealth programs
(BMC, 2025-07-03) Tongol, Nicole; McHardy, Robert; Simpson, Kaeley; Penner, Kailey E.; Rioux, Charlie; Cameron, Emily; Giuliano, Ryan; Tomfohr-Madsen, Lianne M.; Stewart-Tufescu, Ashley; afifi, tracie; Hai, Tasmia; Roos, Leslie E.
Background: Online programs serve as an important avenue for delivering mental health and parenting services worldwide. The quantity of online programs proliferated during the COVID-19 pandemic with developers emphasizing the potential to improve accessibility and reduce barriers of in-person programming (e.g., arranging transportation, childcare, and scheduling). However, Canadian parents’ and caregivers’ preferences for features they desire in online family mental health supports are unknown. Understanding these preferences would better allow for the creation of programs that are best suited to meet parents’ needs. Thus, the present study examined parent mental health program preferences, barriers to access, and how different sociodemographic factors predicted preferences for aspects such as program features (e.g., duration delivery format). Methods: Self-report surveys were administered in 2023 via the online crowdsourcing platform AskingCanadians to parents and primary caregivers of children ages 0 to 5 years. Descriptive statistics examined parent mental health program preferences and barriers. Regression models examined sociodemographic predictors of these preferences and barriers. Results: Participants identified a range of preferences across program structure and coaching, as well as challenges associated with program access. Parents most preferred programs with a web-based delivery format (72%), a duration of 2–4 weeks (27%), and psychologists as program coaches (51.4%). The most highly endorsed barriers were lack of time (42.2%) and limited internet access (25.1%). Sociodemographic factors including parent gender, household income, education, and ethnicity also consistently predicted preference for various program characteristics. Conclusions: This research provides an important first step toward creating more accessible online mental health and parent mental health programs by ensuring the voices of the parents who will use these services are heard in program development and adaptation. Future research should investigate how to address accessibility and inclusivity barriers to participating in parent mental health programs for diverse families based on their differential preferences.
Access status: Open Access ,
More on the Homeric Papyri from Karanis
(Papyrological Publication Platform, 2025-07-21) Sampson, C. Michael
A reassessment of the published Homeric papyri from the village of Karanis, located in Graeco-Roman Egypt's Fayum region. The paper reassesses the palaeography of the papyri, but adds new contextualizing analyses based on archaeological legacy data from the University of Michigan's 1924–1935 excavations at the site. It demonstrates that the papyrological and archaeological evidence do not typically map well onto one another.
Access status: Open Access ,
Three Homeric Descripta from Karanis
(Papyrological Publication Platform, 2025-07-21) Sampson, C. Michael; Shields, Colin; Sawatzky, Tivia Mae
Publication of three previously described Homeric papyri, all from the village Karanis. Archaeological and archival data is brought to bear on the histories of each papyrus.
Access status: Open Access ,
Is Adulthood Required? Examining the Accuracy of Pelvic Sex Estimation Throughout Pubertal Growth
(University of Florida Press, 2023-12-07) Sanchez, Jose; Hoppa, RD
Reliable morphological sex estimation in non-adult skeletons continues to be problematic in juvenile osteology. Methodological exploration has focused on infants and children (0–12 years of age), but less attention has been given to adolescents (12–19 years of age). A critical challenge to non-adult sex estimation is that the full expression of sexual dimorphism in areas of the skeleton that have garnered the most attention due to their use in adult sex estimation (i.e., pelvis) does not occur until adulthood. Little research has been conducted to determine if a threshold along the pubertal growth curve that may yield high sex estimation accuracy exists. This study examined the relationship between pelvic sexual dimorphism and stages of pubertal growth from four skeletal traits. Eighteen pelvic traits outlined by Schutkowski (1993) and Rogers and Saunders (1994) were examined on 128 non-adults (4 months–20 years of age) from the Hamann-Todd and Terry Collections. Pubertal stage was examined on 98 individuals between 8 and 20 years of age. Sex estimation accuracies for each trait and combined traits were assessed for each stage. Statistical significance of correct sex estimates was tested using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. This study demonstrated that reaching the post-pubertal period was not required for the full expression of sexual dimorphism of all 18 traits. Surpassing peak height velocity, the period of fastest growth, was more critical given that high accuracy (i.e., > 80%) was observed for sex estimates using five individual pelvic traits and the combination of all 18 traits by the deceleration stage.
Access status: Open Access ,
Brain activity associated with emotion regulation predicts individual differences in working memory ability
(Springer Nature, 2024-10-08) Horner, Scarlett; Lulla, Roshni; Wu, Helen; Shaktivel, Shruti; Vaccaro, Anthony; Herschel, Ellen; Christov-Moore, Leonardo; McDaniel, Colin; Kaplan, Jonas; Greening, Steven
Previous behavioral research has found that working memory is associated with emotion regulation efficacy. However, there has been mixed evidence as to whether the neural mechanisms between emotion regulation and working memory overlap. The present study tested the prediction that individual differences on the working memory subtest of the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) could be predicted from the pattern of brain activity produced during emotion regulation in regions typically associated with working memory such as the dlPFC. One-hundred-and-one participants completed an emotion regulation fMRI task in which they either viewed or reappraised negative images. Participants also completed working memory test outside the scanner. A whole brain covariate analysis contrasting the reappraise negative and view negative BOLD response found that activity in the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) positively related to working memory ability. Moreover, a multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) approach using 10-fold cross validated support vector regression in ROIs associated with working memory, including bilateral dlPFC, demonstrated we could predict individual differences in working memory ability from the pattern of activity associated with emotion regulation. These findings support the idea that emotion regulation shares underlying cognitive processes and neural mechanisms with working memory, particularly in the dlPFC.
Access status: Open Access ,
Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health (BEAM): study protocol for a hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial of the BEAM app-based program for parents with clinical mental health problems
(BMC, 2025-06-02) Simpson, Kaeley; McHardy, Robert; Zhou, J. G.; Levasseur-Puhach, Sydney; Côté, Cynthia M.; Braun, Millie; Clement, Fiona; MacKinnon, Anna L.; Nickel, Nathan; afifi, tracie; Giesbrecht, Gerald F.; Giuliano, Ryan; Katz, Laurence Y.; Kelly, Lauren E; Klassen, Terry P.; Lebel, Catherine; Mushquash, Aislin; Reynolds, Kristin; Decaire, Elizabeth; Mughal, Wajihah; Chartrand, Frances; Kloss, Olena; Hensel, Jennifer M.; Bolton, James M.; Unger, Jo A. M.; Archibald, Mandy M.; Fisher, Philip; Pharazyn, Ashley; Tomfohr-Madsen, Lianne; Roos, Leslie E.
Abstract Background Children are highly sensitive to adversity during their first five years of life, with exposure to chronic parental mental illness (MI) consistently linked to socio-emotional impairments and mental health problems in children. Children born during the COVID-19 pandemic were exposed to unprecedented levels of parental distress, with parental MI reported at three times the pre-pandemic rates. This situation underscored a pressing need for scalable solutions to foster positive mental health and developmental outcomes for a generation of children. In response, we developed the Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health (BEAM) program, an innovative mobile health (mHealth) solution for parents of young children. Clinical trials to date evaluating BEAM have shown promising results, demonstrating reductions in parent depression, suicidality, anxiety, and harsh parenting practices. This trial involves an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design with co-primary aims of (1) determining BEAM’s effectiveness in improving parent mental health, and (2) evaluating the implementation of BEAM in the community through metrics such as feasibility, acceptability, and uptake. This trial’s secondary aim is to measure BEAM’s effectiveness in improving short-term child mental health and developmental outcomes using primary data and long-term psychosocial family outcomes using administrative data. A final exploratory aim of this trial will measure the cost-utility of delivering BEAM relative to extant health programming. Methods A single arm trial with repeated measures will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the BEAM intervention in the community with a sample of 400 parent participants with a child aged 24–71 months. Participants must self-report moderate to severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, parenting stress, and/or anger at time of enrolment (T0) and live in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Individuals will be recruited through four streams including the (1) Manitoba Crisis Response Services, (2) primary care offices (paediatricians and/or general practitioners), (3) Manitoba family community organizations and child care centres, and (4) social media. Study participants will complete 12 weeks of psychoeducation modules, with access to an online social support forum and check ins with a peer coach. Assessments of parent and child mental health symptoms will occur at pre-test before BEAM begins (T1), immediately after the last week of the BEAM intervention (post-test, T2), 6-month follow-up (T3), and 12-month follow-up (T4). Discussion The BEAM program offers a promising solution to address elevated parental mental health symptoms, parenting stress, and related child functioning concerns. The present implementation trial aims to extend the groundwork established by an open pilot trial and RCT of the BEAM program, in a next step of testing BEAM’s readiness for nationwide scaling. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06455397. Registered on June 11, 2024.
Access status: Open Access ,
A cross-national, cross-sectional study of women's retention and advancement in Information Technology (IT) and Engineering careers
(2025-03-25) Hoang, Lyn; Dengate, Jennifer; Peter, Tracey; Farenhorst, Annemieke; Salminen-Karlsson, Minna; Wolffram, Andrea
The representation and experiences of women in Engineering and Information and Computer Technologies (EICT) fields have been a subject of extensive research and discussion. This report provides a summary of the experiences of women in these fields across Canada, Sweden, and Germany. By examining 58 semi-structured interviews and 4 focus groups, this report identifies commonalities and differences in their experiences, challenges, and opportunities. This report sheds light onto factors that influence women's participation and retention in Engineering and ICT and provides recommendations for improving gender equity in these fields. We find that the experiences of women in ICT and Engineering fields in Canada, Sweden, and Germany reveal challenges and differences that align with Esping-Andersen's (1989) Welfare State typology. Sweden's social democratic welfare state offers extensive support for work-life balance and gender equality, reflected in the positive experiences of women in ICT and Engineering. Canada's liberal welfare state provides some support but lacks the comprehensive policies seen in Sweden, leading to challenges in balancing work and family responsibilities. Germany's conservative welfare state shows more traditional gender roles and less flexibility in work arrangements, contributing to the greater challenges faced by women in these fields. Addressing gender bias, improving work-life balance, and providing better access to mentorship and career development opportunities are crucial steps in supporting women in Engineering and ICT. By learning from the successes and challenges in each country, we can develop more effective strategies to promote gender equity and create a more inclusive environment for women in Engineering and ICT. This may help to retain women in their Engineering and ICT careers.
Access status: Open Access ,
A cross-national, cross-sectional study of women's retention and advancement in Information Technology (IT) and Engineering careers – Sweden Report
(2025-03-25) Hoang, Lyn; Dengate, Jennifer; Peter, Tracey; Farenhorst, Annemieke; Salminen-Karlsson, Minna; Wolffram, Andrea
This report offers summary results from the Sweden survey of the Cross-National, Cross-Sectional Study of Women’s Retention and Advancement in Information Technology and Engineering Careers project. Women continue to be underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematic (STEM) fields. This project highlights factors that contribute to the retention and attrition rates of women working in engineering and information and communication technology (EICT) jobs across Canada, Sweden, and Germany. The primary objective of this project is to identify the impact of welfare state entitlements, job factors, and family/individual circumstances on women’s intent to stay or leave their jobs. Our findings from the Sweden survey suggest that job-related factors such as limited permanent positions, dissatisfaction with salary, few promotion opportunities, and hostile climate are the main reasons for respondents’ job attrition. Therefore, workplaces that offer job security, good pay, and supportive peers, leaders and management can improve job retention. Improvements to welfare state entitlements for students like increased study allowance, grants, and loans, and increases to benefits for illness/injury leave and unemployment may also reduce the pressures of work-life interference. The respondents for the Sweden survey did not support increasing child-related benefits or parental leave. Another objective of this study is to evaluate the impact and variation of these circumstances by employment sector and work type. We directly compared the experiences of women working in engineering to computer science and information technology (CSIT), as well as women working in the academic sector to the non-academic sector. We also compared Sweden-born respondents to respondents born in other countries. Our findings indicate that broadly there is greater job retention within engineering than CSIT despite CSIT respondents expressing more career satisfaction and less workplace alienation. We also find that respondents born in Sweden have more career satisfaction and less workplace alienation compared to respondents born elsewhere. These differences highlight the need to take an intersectional approach to understanding women’s working experiences within EICT in Sweden. In the future, we will compare these results to similar surveys administered in Germany and Canada to uncover potential similarities and differences in job attrition and retention cross-nationally. Overall, the statistical analysis demonstrates that, despite increased efforts to improve gender equity across STEM fields, gender inequalities, stereotypes, and biases remain problems within EICT in Sweden, shaping women’s day to day workplace experiences across employment sectors. We would like to thank the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council for their support and funding of this project.
Access status: Open Access ,
A cross-national, cross-sectional study of women's retention and advancement in Information Technology (IT) and Engineering careers – Germany Report
(2025-03-25) Hoang, Lyn; Dengate, Jennifer; Peter, Tracey; Farenhorst, Annemieke; Salminen-Karlsson, Minna; Wolffram, Andrea
This report offers summary results from the Germany survey of the Cross-National, Cross-Sectional Study of Women’s Retention and Advancement in Information Technology and Engineering Careers project. Women continue to be underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematic (STEM) fields. This project highlights factors that contribute to the retention and attrition rates of women working in engineering and information and communication technology (EICT) jobs across Canada, Sweden, and Germany. The primary objective of this project is to identify the impact of welfare state entitlements, job factors, and family/individual circumstances on women’s intent to stay or leave their jobs. Our findings from the Germany survey suggest that job-related factors such as limited contract terms, dissatisfaction with salary, few promotion opportunities, and hostile climate are the main reasons for respondents’ job attrition. As well, turnover intention is impacted by experiences of workplace hostility, incivility, and harassment; lack of work-life balance; and workplaces that are gender-biased and/or unsupportive of women. Therefore, supportive workplaces that promote job security, work-life balance, good pay, peer inclusion, and work autonomy can improve job retention. Improvements to welfare state entitlements for childcare, elder care, child-related benefits, parental leave, and illness/injury leave may also reduce the pressures of work-life interference and improve the work-life balance of EICT women who continue to be primary caregivers. The respondents for the Germany survey also highlight the continued presence of gendered informal and formal networks that are male-dominated within EICT workplaces. It remains a challenge to find “good” mentors and mentors of diversity that can assist them with career advancement. Another objective of this study is to evaluate the impact and variation of these circumstances by employment sector and work type. We directly compared the experiences of women working in engineering to computer science and information technology (CSIT), as well as women working in the academic sector to the non-academic sector. Our findings indicate that there are pros and cons to working in each work area and/or sector. Broadly, there is more job retention within the academic sector compared to non-academic sector but there are challenges to obtaining permanent employment in the academic sector. We find no notable differences in the turnover intention of engineering and CSIT respondents. However, engineering respondents are overall more satisfied with their careers and experience less workplace alienation than CSIT respondents. In the future, we will compare these results to similar surveys administered in Sweden and Canada to uncover potential similarities and differences in job attrition and retention cross-nationally. Overall, the statistical analysis demonstrates that, despite increased efforts to improve gender equity across STEM fields, gender inequalities, stereotypes, and biases remain problems within EICT in Germany, shaping women’s day to day workplace experiences across employment sectors. We would like to thank the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council for their support and funding of this project.
Access status: Open Access ,
Validation of the new interpretation of Gerasimov’s nasal projection method for forensic facial approximation using CT data
(Wiley, 2016) MALTAIS LAPOINTE, Genevieve; LYNNERUP, Niels; Hoppa, RD
The most common method to predict nasal projection for the purpose of forensic facial approximation is Gerasimov’s two-tangent method. It was recently argued that previous validation studies did not properly perform Gerasimov’s original methodology and a revised set of guidelines was proposed. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the different version of the two-tangent method using a sample of 66 postmortem cranial CT data. Intraobserver error was evaluated using a subsample of 10 individuals and the results demonstrated that experience affects the accuracy. Overall, the revised guidelines consistently resulted in smaller mean difference from the true tip. On the other hand, none of the methods were found to be statistically accurate (p>0.05) in positioning the tip of the nose (absolute distance > 5 mm). These results seem to support that Gerasimov’s method was not properly performed and the new guidelines should be used instead.
Access status: Open Access ,
“I’m not alone”: perinatal women’s experiences in an online self-directed program for perinatal anxiety
(BMC, 2025-02-21) Uchechukwu, Light; Hardman, Madison; Hadley, Isabelle; Gornik, Megan E.; Petty, Sarah K.; Pryor, Teaghan; Alcolado, Gillian; Furer, Patricia; Reynolds, Kristin
Abstract Background Anxiety is highly prevalent during pregnancy and postpartum, and access to treatment can be difficult due to a range of barriers (e.g., time, distance, and service availability). Online treatments have the potential to circumvent these barriers and may, therefore, be beneficial for the perinatal population. The present study leveraged qualitative methods to understand participants’ perspectives on their use of a six-module online self-directed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) program for perinatal anxiety as part of a randomized controlled trial. Methods A mixed qualitative method design was used for this study. A total of 95 perinatal women were randomized to an intervention or waitlist control condition for an online self-directed program (Overcoming Perinatal Anxiety; OPA). Both waitlist and intervention participants provided open-ended feedback on each module via online surveys. A subset of individuals (n = 20) assigned to the intervention condition completed a virtual qualitative interview about their experiences using the program. Data obtained from open-ended survey questions and qualitative interviews were analyzed using Conventional Content Analysis (open-ended survey) and Reflexive Thematic Analysis (interviews). Results Open-ended survey data were categorized into three themes, with associated sub-themes: User experience (subthemes: accessibility and modality), Perceptions of content (sub-themes: validating, informative, hopeful, anxiety-inducing, emotionally “heavy”, and helpful), and Barriers to program engagement (subthemes: lack of time and energy, technical difficulties, challenging and external factors). Qualitative interview data were categorized into the following main themes, with associated subthemes: Tensions in engaging with the self-directed program (subthemes: connecting and multi-tasking, “finding the time,” module length and pacing, pen to paper, and “thanks for the reminder but don’t rush me”), “I’m not alone,” (subthemes: relating to the content, sharing anxiety with “inner circle,” and voicing a desire to connect with other “moms feeling the same way”), and “I’m managing my anxiety” (subthemes: “understanding my anxiety,” using “strategies to help with my anxiety,” “taking time for myself,” and moving forward). Conclusion Findings highlight that online self-directed treatment can be an acceptable and feasible option for perinatal anxiety. Findings show promise for the scalability of OPA to improve access to psychological treatment for perinatal people experiencing anxiety. Trial registration Clinical Trial Identifier: NCT04844138 (clinicaltrials.gov). Trial registration submitted: [April 5, 2021] accepted: [April 14, 2021].
Access status: Open Access ,
Bones at Home Supporting Haptic Learning and Universal Design beyond the Biological Anthropology Laboratory
(2024-10-14) Gilmour, Rebecca J.; Gamble, Julia A.
Remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a range of pedagogical challenges for anthropology laboratory courses. In biological anthropology courses such as Human Osteology, hands-on experience is essential to achieving learning outcomes, including basic bone and feature (i.e., landmark) identification, identification from fragmentary remains, and age and sex estimation. To address the need for training that includes object-based, tactile (haptic) learning in fields such as biological anthropology and archaeology, all Human Osteology students at Mount Royal University and the University of Manitoba took home plastic model skeletons. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well remotely educated undergraduates (REUs) met human osteology learning objectives when supported by plastic model skeletons at home. We present the results of a survey designed to test core osteological skills obtained by REUs in comparison with undergraduates educated with in-person laboratory components (IPUs) and experts in the field (zero to four and five or more years of experience). REU scores did not differ significantly from those of IPU or Junior Experts with less than five years of experience. Students performed well in bone identification but were limited in their ability to apply common sex and age estimation methods and to identify incomplete elements. Our findings reinforce the importance of haptic learning and years of experience in human osteological learning. They support the use of take-home models as valuable resources in both remote and in-person undergraduate teaching. This work is a step toward more inclusive universal instructional design that can be applied across various anthropology laboratory courses.
Access status: Open Access ,
A First-Century Receipt from the Receivers of Public Clothing in Tebtunis (P.Tebt. UC 1607c)
(2019) Gibbs, Matt; Sampson, C. Michael
An edition of a first-century Tebtunis papyrus containing a letter from the receivers of public clothing, with analyses of both this liturgical office as well as the practice of compulsory sale for the supply of military clothing.
Access status: Open Access ,
Area G and the Digging of Kom Aushim
(de Gruyter, 2024-01-17) Sampson, C. Michael
An analysis of the early history of digging at Kom Aushim and the Museum archaeology of Karanis papyri purchased on the Egyptian antiquities market is combined with archaeological data from the University of Michigan’s excavations to locate purchased papyri in the archaeological record.

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