FGS - Electronic Theses and Practica

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http://hdl.handle.net/1993/6

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This collection contains University of Manitoba electronic theses and practica.

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The Faculty of Graduate Studies requires that all graduate students submit a copy of their thesis or practicum to this collection. Consult FGS Submitting your thesis or practicum to MSpace and Thesis/Practicum Deposit Step-by-Step for instructions and/or more information. Go to My MSpace to begin the submission process and, when prompted, choose the FGS - Electronic Theses and Practica collection. Unfinished or rejected submissions can be restarted by accessing My MSpace.

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 26192

Open Access
Transportation policy: a neglected social policy domain and aspect of social well-being in social policy/welfare regime research
(2024-04-22) Harms, Chase; Hudson, Mark (Sociology); Hudson, Ian (Economics); Olsen, Gregg
Mobility plays a decidedly central role in the life of virtually every human in our world. Being able to move from one point to another is absolutely critical to meeting our most basic everyday needs. In the modern era, travel for work, school, leisure, and myriad other quotidian activities, including getting groceries, visiting with friends and relatives, and getting to medical appointments, are just a few of the central reasons for routine travel today. This study underscores the importance of transportation and mobility as a core aspect of human well-being, and as such, an important policy domain that should occupy a central position in the world of welfare and welfare state research. However, despite its import, transportation policy has been largely neglected in the research on well-being and welfare states. This is most strikingly evident in the research on welfare state models and typologies. This study focuses on three key dimensions of well-being, (1) inequality, (2) safety, and (3) environment, highlighting the many ways that transportation policy affects our lives, and makes a case for its inclusion as an important policy domain and component of modern welfare states. Employing Gøsta Esping- Andersen’s widely-embraced welfare state/worlds typology, it examines the character of transportation policy in three cities (Kansas City, MO, US; Stockholm, Sweden; and Luxembourg City, Luxembourg), representing each of his three welfare regimes (liberal, social democratic, and conservative, respectively). It focuses on a range of key indicators of these three dimensions, including fare provision, service availability, pedestrian infrastructure, and ticketing systems for the inequality dimension; programming in infrastructure safety and reduced road access, as well as legislation for driver training and consequences for illegal acts on the road for safety dimension; and provisions of green space, parking and urban access regulations, and environmental regulations on vehicles for the environmental dimension. Its central conclusion is that future discussion and research on welfare states should consider transportation policy as a central social policy domain.
Open Access
It’s a privilege to bleed: a human rights analysis of menstrual equity on Canadian university campuses
(2024-03-21) Vickar, Chloe; Smith, Julia (Labour Studies); McPhail, Deborah
Menstrual health is a necessary part of the majority of human lives. Menstrual equity refers to a spectrum of biologically necessitated needs, including access to period-management products, education, healthcare, financial resources, and barrier-free access to participation in all aspects of life. Therefore, menstruation is an equity and human rights issue on Canadian university campuses. This paper examines the state of menstrual equity at Canadian universities. This case study analyzes the top ten universities in Canada (according to Maclean’s Reputation Survey, focusing on quality and innovation), to determine which universities have policies, programs, and supports for menstruating students. This research will contribute to a growing field of human rights research advocating for equal access and resources for menstruating students, staff, and faculty alike. This research also prioritizes a gender-inclusive approach, challenging the norms of menstrual equity as female empowerment. The main findings of this research determine that most universities have some form of menstrual product pilot project or program in place, and at least one gender inclusive washroom on campus. Although these initiatives are a positive first step, universities are not doing enough to support their students. A human rights approach argues that until menstrual products are available in every washroom, of all gender identities, menstrual equity cannot be reached. Period supplies that are gate-kept behind a desk (security, student help-centre, etc.) are impractical for the logistics of menstruation, and further out menstruating students to their communities, creating safety challenges for gender diverse menstruators. Further challenges include disposal, considerations for reusable products, and time spent away from class looking for supplies and management strategies.
Open Access
Investigations into the behavior, detection, and mitigation of oil in a sea ice environment
(2024-03-27) Desmond, Durell; Collins, Eric (Environment and Geography); Schreckenbach, Georg (Chemistry); Zhang, Baiyu (Helen) (Memorial University of Newfoundland); Stern, Gary; Isleifson, Dustin
The Arctic is warming at a rate of three times the global average, and projections warn that the average surface Arctic Ocean temperature may increase by 3 °C by 2100. Due to this Arctic warming, there have been steady decreases in sea ice extent and thickness. In particular, the Arctic has lost much of its multi-year ice (MYI) (i.e., ice that survives multiple summers) and is dominated by first-year ice (FYI) (i.e., ice that grows in the winter but melts in the summer). FYI is more saline than MYI and therefore has a lower albedo, thereby increasing the input of solar radiation into the ice-ocean system by 50%. Further Arctic amplification is caused by the thinning and reduction of snow cover and the occurrence of a longer open water season. A direct consequence of this Arctic warming is an increased interest in oil exploration, extraction, and transport, owing to the greater feasibility, which increases the likelihood of a potential oil spill in the marine environment. Notably, spillage by either an oil tanker or an underwater pipeline poses the biggest threat to the Arctic environment and its inhabitants. In order to combat this threat, the establishment of viable oil detection and mitigation techniques suitable for Arctic environments are currently in development. This urgency has led to the conduction of several oil-in-ice experiments to study various aspects of oil spill preparedness. The research herein aims to build on past work with a focus on oil behavior (i.e., migration tendencies, encapsulation potential, partitioning within sea ice, evaporation, dissolution, photooxidation, biodegradation), detection (i.e., radar), and mitigation (i.e., bioremediation) in sea-ice environments. This research consists of data collected from two artificial oil-in-ice mesocosm experiments in which microbial analyses (community composition), physical analyses (X-ray, temperature, salinity, brine volume), chemical analyses (oil dielectrics, infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry), and modeling/simulations (computational chemistry, sea ice dielectrics, and normalized radar cross-section) were undergone. This study helps to discern how oil influences the physical properties of sea ice and how, in turn, sea ice influences the chemical (and, therefore, the physical) properties of oil.
Open Access
Exploring the experiences of physiotherapists who engaged as knowledge users in integrated knowledge translation research partnerships related to balance measurement practices in Canadian hospitals: a qualitative descriptive study
(2023-12-07) MOSER, CHERYL ANN; Strachan, Leisha (Kinesiology and Recreation Management); Wittmeier, Kristy (Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba); Sibley, Kathryn; Glazebrook, Cheryl
Background: Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) is an approach to doing health research that engages academic researchers and knowledge users (KU) as equal partners. IKT intends to increase the chances that resulting research evidence will be useful to those engaged, striving toward improved health system functioning and public health outcomes. With this study, I set out to learn what physiotherapists (PTs) had to say about their experience engaging as KUs in an IKT research partnership related to balance measurement practices in Canadian hospitals. Methods: I used basic qualitative descriptive research methodology, in vivo coding, and conventional content analysis to answer the research questions. Five PTs (n=5) who had engaged as KUs on three balance measurement studies in two provinces were purposefully selected. All five (n=5) participated in online semi-structured interviews. PTs were asked to describe their IKT engagement experience, identify environmental factors that affected their engagement, and discuss how their engagement influenced the research process and evidence use. PTs also characterized themselves using an independently completed pre-interview questionnaire. Results: Participants described their experiences as positive, meaningful, and associated with benefits such as more clinical treatment options, greater sense of personal pride and professional recognition among PTs, increased research capacity for host organizations, and specific contributions to a body of knowledge. PTs said factors conducive to IKT engagement were supportive organizational culture, as well as devoted time, money, material resources, and human resources. PTs described their contributions to research as brokering trusting relationships; providing an insider point-of-view, project management, and resource coordination; and contributing to increased organizational capacity for research. Participants described how evidence-use was impacted by PT career-stage, individual risk perception, usefulness to the profession, organizational culture, treatment environment (especially since COVID-19 introduced pressures to deliver health care online), and third-party endorsement for change. Conclusions: KU engagement in IKT health research partnerships provides researchers with increased clinical access, an insider point-of-view, and stronger research evidence. KU engagement increases the accessibility of resulting research evidence, but sustaining desired outcomes is another issue. The KU engagement experience is greatly affected by organizational culture. KU engagement concepts in IKT research partnerships must include feasibility and resource planning, as well as strategies for organizational change and risk management. PTs described external factors such as professional endorsement as being stronger influences on evidence use outcomes than research engagement. The IKT approach may be strengthened if issues related to change, risk, and resources are addressed early and often throughout the partnership.
Open Access
Macroalgae distribution among varying glacial fjords as an indicator of light and nutrient availability
(2024-03-25) Reimer, Jillian; Papakyriakou, Tim (Environment and Geography); Sejr, Mikael (Aarhus University); Mundy, CJ
Arctic macroalgae (kelp) are critical primary producers, contributing significantly to a wide variety of ecosystem services. Kelp extent has been predicted to increase due to decreasing sea ice cover that increases light reaching the coastal ocean. However, climate change-induced factors, such as increasing coastal turbidity and glacier melt, could also impact kelp growth in the Arctic. This thesis examines the role that light and nutrient availability play in understanding kelp cover and depth extent. This study used GoPro videos to determine kelp cover and depth extent as well as macroalgae samples to determine the nutritive state of kelp within two Greenlandic fjords. Results reveal significant turbidity and nutrient gradients throughout the fjords. Where light was limited due to glacial discharge and resuspension of sediments, kelp growth at depth was limited; and where there was increased light availability, kelp cover was greater. Additionally, kelp located nearest the marine-terminating glacier had greater nitrogen concentration than kelp located further from the marine-terminating glacier or the land-terminating glacier, revealing the influence of estuarine circulation on nutrient availability. Where light and nutrients were abundant, kelp biomass and subsequent production was greatest. Additionally, we concluded that sea urchin grazing provided an additional influence with light on kelp depth extent and distribution in both shallow and deep waters. These results are necessary and important to consider when assessing kelp distribution and change, both now and into the future.

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