Resilience in African female refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) living with mental health issues
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Date
2021-01-05
Authors
AMADI, DECLAN
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Abstract
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugee problems are a global phenomenon (Virupaksha, Kumar & Nirmala, 2014; UNHCR, 2020), drawing much attention in the 20th and 21st centuries (Martin, 2014). Migrating to another country to seek asylum is a process which involves phases through which refugees must go. Often times, “lack of preparedness, difficulties in adjusting to the new environment, the complexity of the local system, language difficulties, cultural disparities and adverse experiences would cause distress to the migrants” (Virupaksha, et. al., 2014 p.1). Forced displacement is rampant in Africa; compelling people to abandon their homes and seek shelter elsewhere (Crisp, 2010). Female IDPs are the most vulnerable and endure variations of gender-based violence, sexual and physical, which consequently have detrimental effects on their psycho-social health (Adeyinka & Akinsulure-Smit, 2014; Gebreiyosus, 2014). This research sought to discover the abilities of refugee and IDP women to regain and maintain their optimal daily functioning despite their mental health issues.
This study adopted a general qualitative exploratory approach, guided by feminist and anti-oppressive (AOP) theories. Three refugees and three IDPs were interviewed. Data were transcribed verbatim and in-depth thematic analysis conducted, which enabled me to seek out overarching categories and themes that describe and interpret participants’ views.
The result showed that uncertainty, trauma, family stress, unemployment, financial stress, racism and discrimination were major factors that contributed to mental health issues; while family and social support, religion and faith in God, sense of responsibility towards children, music future orientation (optimism and hope), education, employment and volunteerism were resilience factors.
In conclusion, I discussed the implications of my research for theory, policy and practice; as well as further research suggestions. AOP and feminist theories may be beneficial in understanding and improving the lives of refugees and IDPs. Cultural perspectives on resilience theory may illuminate the role of culture as a contributing factor to resilience, rather than as a risk factor. Policy wise, host countries are encouraged to enact policies that expedite family reunification; since family plays a very important role in facilitating recovery. Practitioners and service providers are encouraged to consider the perspectives of refugees on the mode of treatment and also explore the religiosity of their African clients in order to foster resilience.
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Keywords
Mental Health, Resilience, Refugee, Internally Displaced Persons, Women, Immigrant, Africa.