Efficacy and Safety of Romosozumab as a Medication for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: A Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal condition in which bone mineral density is markedly decreased. Romosozumab, a monoclonal antibody, has been approved for osteoporosis use in Canada since 2019. Further assessment of which patient population(s) and when to use romosozumab for greatest effect is needed. Methods: A literature search was conducted on the PubMed database, looking at any randomized controlled trial and clinical trial with the keyword “romosozumab” published between 2015 and 2025. Results: Four studies met the criteria for inclusion. All studies demonstrated significant improvements in bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and hip. Greatest BMD gains were observed at the lumbar spine uniformly throughout the studies. Most commonly observed adverse effects in romosozumab patients include mild injection site reactions and arthralgia. Incidence of serious events related to romosozumab use was noted in one study. Conclusion: Romosozumab was seen to significantly improve BMD and have a favorable safety profile in most patients, however limited insight into which patient population would benefit most from treatment. Currently, not enough evidence in literature to suggest romosozumab as first line treatment.