Exploring the prevalence and impact of post-COVID symptoms among individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects about 300 to 400 million individuals worldwide and has been linked to severe outcomes of COVID-19. About 10% to 30% of individuals who have COVID-19 develop post-COVID symptoms (PCS). COPD is associated with more severe cases of COVID-19 and severe COVID-19 is a known risk factor for PCS. It is possible that individuals with COPD have a higher likelihood of developing PCS. However, the prevalence and impact of PCS in individuals with COPD remains unclear. Objectives: To explore the prevalence of PCS in COPD, assess the impact of post COVID condition on symptoms, physical activity level (PAL), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and the use of healthcare services (UHcS) among COPD individuals, and to explore the differences in these variables between COPD individuals with and without PCS. Methods: A cross-sectional study that used standardized instrument was collected among Manitoba adult residents. Recruitment was conducted via social media platforms (Facebook, and Instagram), support groups, walk-in clinics, pharmacies, community centers and senior facilities. Results: 78 individuals with COPD were included, half were females, mostly aged 60-69 years, residing in urban areas. The prevalence of PCS in our group of participants with COPD was 91.3% (n=63). Most reported PCS were cough, joint pain, muscle weakness, shortness of breath at rest, and fatigue. PCS has a significant negative impact on PAL and HRQoL and declines across all EQ-5D-5L domains compared to pre-COVID status. UHcS increased significantly post COVID, except for primary and urgent care visits. We found greater decline on HRQoL among COPD individuals with PCS in 4 domains of the EQ-5D-5L and CAT scores but not in PAL, usual activity domain, EQ-VAS and UHcS compared to those without PCS. Conclusion: COPD individuals with PCS reported a substantial burden of persistent symptoms, marked decline in PAL, reduce in HRQoL and increased UHcS. Despite the limitations and exploratory nature of this study, the findings offer valuable insights to guide safe and effective rehabilitation intervention, and to inform the planning of tailored services to meet the specific needs of this patient group.