Research on stability issues of a grid-connected PV inverter in power hardware in the loop (PHIL) architecture
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Date
2020-09-10
Authors
Pokharel, Mandip
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Abstract
This thesis presents an in-detail stability analysis of a Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) network formed through an Ideal Transformer Method (ITM) interface. The ever-growing demand for PHIL testing necessitates thorough research in the area. The ITM interface devices are crucial in determining the accurate and stable PHIL. Therefore, this thesis considers the parameters of these individual devices to develop analytical equations with which the stability can be determined quantitatively. This helps in choosing the interface devices as well as the system parameters before forming the PHIL setup. The PHIL testing is something that requires an experimental result to validate its operation besides the theoretical and mathematical formulations. The work in this thesis follows the methodology of mathematical analysis followed by experimental results.
The PHIL setup used in this thesis for its analysis considers a simple resistor divider network to formulate its hypothesis and finally extends the study to evaluate a Grid-Connected PV Inverter (GCPI) in a PHIL architecture. The delay present in the PHIL network as a result of non-ideal interface devices creates a major discrepancy between the results in the actual system with the PHIL system. In order to eliminate the effect of this delay, this thesis considers the application of a Smith Predictor (SP) compensator. This SP compensator consists of a model of the interface and the estimation of the delay in the PHIL network of choice. This thesis works towards developing the model of the interface device in the ITM interface. To validate the model, an experimental gain and phase measurements are made and compared with the gain and phase of the model. This ensures that an accurate model of the interface is obtained to model the SP compensator. Also, the round-trip delay of the PHIL network under study is estimated through various combinations of I/O devices. Once the SP compensator model is developed, it is implemented in Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) to verify the stability predictions made from the theory. The SP employed PHIL network with resistor divider and a GCPI is used as actual hardware for the experimental validations.
Besides the stability analysis of a PHIL network, this thesis also presents a fundamental work that could benefit the dynamic response of a switched-mode amplifier. The switched-mode amplifier with a conventional linear controller would have a bandwidth limited by the converter parameters. This thesis explores the area of non-linear control by implementing a Second Order Switching Surface (SSS) based Boundary Controller (BC) to a Full Bridge (FB) Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) operating with unipolar switching. The experiments are performed in a 550 VA, VSI prototype which showed a transient response in the range or 150-320 µs. This can easily be extended to push the dynamic response of such a setup with the use of an advanced digital control card complemented by a higher switching semiconductor device.
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Keywords
Boundary Control, Delay, Fast Dynamic, Gain Phase Measurement, Hardware in the Loop, Ideal Transformer Method, Incremental Conductance, Interface Algorithm, Maximum Power Point, Pade Approximation, Photovoltaic, Power Amplifier, Power Hardware in the Loop, PV Inverter, Real Time Simulator, Routh-Hurwitz Criteria, RTDS, Small-signal Stability, Smith Predictor, Stability, Switched-mode Amplifier, Transient Response, Voltage Source Inverter
Citation
Nguyen V.H. et al., “Hardware-in-the-Loop Assessment Methods, In: Strasser T., de Jong E., Sosnina M. (eds) European Guide to Power System Testing,” Springer, Cham, pp 51-66, June 2020.
E. Desarden et al., “Evaluation of the IEEE Std 1547.1-2020 Unintentional Islanding Test Using Power Hardware-in-the-Loop,” 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, June 2020.
M. Pokharel and C. N. Man Ho, "Modelling and Experimental Evaluation of Ideal Transformer Algorithm Interface for Power Hardware in the Loop Architecture," 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), New Orleans, LA, USA, June 2020.
M. Pokharel and C. N. M. Ho, "Stability Analysis of Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) Architecture with Solar Inverter," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Early Access, April 2020.
García-Martínez, E.; Sanz, J.F.; Muñoz-Cruzado, J.; Perié, J.M, “A Review of PHIL Testing for Smart Grids—Selection Guide, Classification and Online Database Analysis”, Electronics, 9, 382, Feb 2020.
J.Le, H.Zhang, X.Li, J.Zhu, “A unified power interface modeling method of a digital-physical hybrid simulation platform,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 111, pp. 144-151, Oct 2019.
S. Wang, Z. Xu, B. Li and D. Xu, "Stability Evaluation of Power Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation for DC System," 2018 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC), Shenzhen, 2018, pp. 1-5.
A. Parizad, H.R.Baghaee, M. E. Iranian, G. B. Gharehpetian, J.M. Guerrero, “Real-time simulator and offline/online closed-loop test bed for power system modeling and development”, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 122, 2020, 106203.
I. D. G. Jayawardana, C. N. M. Ho and Y. He, "Boundary Control with Corrected Second-order Switching Surface for Buck Converters Connected to Capacitive Loads," in IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, March 2020 (Early Access).
Anjum W, Husain AR, Abdul Aziz J, Abbasi MA, Alqaraghuli H, “Continuous dynamic sliding mode control strategy of PWM based voltage source inverter under load variations,” PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228636, Feb 2020.
V. Repecho, D. Biel and J. M. Olm, "A simple switching frequency regulated sliding mode controller for a VSI with a full digital implementation," in IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Jan 2020 (Early Access)
Z.Zuang, “Design and implementation of a high-bandwidth switching power amplifier using FPGA-based boundary control,” M.Sc. dissertation, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, 2020.
P. Li, Z. Song, H. Zhang and W. Jin, "Adaptive Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control Scheme for Single-phase Inverters with LCL Filter," 2020 39th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), Shenyang, China, 2020, pp. 5270-5275.
M. Mehrasa, M. Sharifzadeh and K. Al-Haddad, "A Droop Based-Control Strategy of Stand-Alone Single-Phase Converters for Microgrid Applications," IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Washington, DC, 2018, pp. 5261-5266.
Z. Zhang, C. N. Man Ho and W. Xiao, "An FPGA-based Switch-mode Power Amplifier using Boundary Control to achieve High System Bandwidth," 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Baltimore, MD, USA, 2019, pp. 1514-1519.
A. Benigni, T. Strasser, G. De Carne, M. Liserre, M. Cupelli and A. Monti, "Real-Time Simulation-Based Testing of Modern Energy Systems: A Review and Discussion," in IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 28-39, June 2020.
A. Nateghi, H.Shahsavari, “Optimal Design of FPI^λ D^μ based Stabilizers in Hybrid Multi-Machine Power System Using GWO Algorithm,” Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering, 2020
A. El Gadari et al., "Photovoltaic System Based On The PUC9 Inverter," 2019 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 2019, pp. 2059-2064.
Y. Zhou, C. N. M. Ho and K. K. Siu, "A Fast PV MPPT Scheme Using Boundary Control With Second-Order Switching Surface," in IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 849-857, May 2019.
J. Liu, J. Wu, J. Qiu and J. Zeng, "Switched Z-Source/Quasi-Z-Source DC-DC Converters With Reduced Passive Components for Photovoltaic Systems," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 40893-40903, March 2019.
E. Desarden et al., “Evaluation of the IEEE Std 1547.1-2020 Unintentional Islanding Test Using Power Hardware-in-the-Loop,” 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, June 2020.
M. Pokharel and C. N. Man Ho, "Modelling and Experimental Evaluation of Ideal Transformer Algorithm Interface for Power Hardware in the Loop Architecture," 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), New Orleans, LA, USA, June 2020.
M. Pokharel and C. N. M. Ho, "Stability Analysis of Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) Architecture with Solar Inverter," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Early Access, April 2020.
García-Martínez, E.; Sanz, J.F.; Muñoz-Cruzado, J.; Perié, J.M, “A Review of PHIL Testing for Smart Grids—Selection Guide, Classification and Online Database Analysis”, Electronics, 9, 382, Feb 2020.
J.Le, H.Zhang, X.Li, J.Zhu, “A unified power interface modeling method of a digital-physical hybrid simulation platform,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 111, pp. 144-151, Oct 2019.
S. Wang, Z. Xu, B. Li and D. Xu, "Stability Evaluation of Power Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation for DC System," 2018 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC), Shenzhen, 2018, pp. 1-5.
A. Parizad, H.R.Baghaee, M. E. Iranian, G. B. Gharehpetian, J.M. Guerrero, “Real-time simulator and offline/online closed-loop test bed for power system modeling and development”, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 122, 2020, 106203.
I. D. G. Jayawardana, C. N. M. Ho and Y. He, "Boundary Control with Corrected Second-order Switching Surface for Buck Converters Connected to Capacitive Loads," in IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, March 2020 (Early Access).
Anjum W, Husain AR, Abdul Aziz J, Abbasi MA, Alqaraghuli H, “Continuous dynamic sliding mode control strategy of PWM based voltage source inverter under load variations,” PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228636, Feb 2020.
V. Repecho, D. Biel and J. M. Olm, "A simple switching frequency regulated sliding mode controller for a VSI with a full digital implementation," in IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Jan 2020 (Early Access)
Z.Zuang, “Design and implementation of a high-bandwidth switching power amplifier using FPGA-based boundary control,” M.Sc. dissertation, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, 2020.
P. Li, Z. Song, H. Zhang and W. Jin, "Adaptive Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control Scheme for Single-phase Inverters with LCL Filter," 2020 39th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), Shenyang, China, 2020, pp. 5270-5275.
M. Mehrasa, M. Sharifzadeh and K. Al-Haddad, "A Droop Based-Control Strategy of Stand-Alone Single-Phase Converters for Microgrid Applications," IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Washington, DC, 2018, pp. 5261-5266.
Z. Zhang, C. N. Man Ho and W. Xiao, "An FPGA-based Switch-mode Power Amplifier using Boundary Control to achieve High System Bandwidth," 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Baltimore, MD, USA, 2019, pp. 1514-1519.
A. Benigni, T. Strasser, G. De Carne, M. Liserre, M. Cupelli and A. Monti, "Real-Time Simulation-Based Testing of Modern Energy Systems: A Review and Discussion," in IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 28-39, June 2020.
A. Nateghi, H.Shahsavari, “Optimal Design of FPI^λ D^μ based Stabilizers in Hybrid Multi-Machine Power System Using GWO Algorithm,” Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering, 2020
A. El Gadari et al., "Photovoltaic System Based On The PUC9 Inverter," 2019 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 2019, pp. 2059-2064.
Y. Zhou, C. N. M. Ho and K. K. Siu, "A Fast PV MPPT Scheme Using Boundary Control With Second-Order Switching Surface," in IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 849-857, May 2019.
J. Liu, J. Wu, J. Qiu and J. Zeng, "Switched Z-Source/Quasi-Z-Source DC-DC Converters With Reduced Passive Components for Photovoltaic Systems," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 40893-40903, March 2019.