<front xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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   <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CJIDMM</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">1712-9532</issn>
      <publisher>
         <publisher-name>Pulsus Group Inc</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
   </journal-meta>
   <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">340586</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/340586</article-id>
      <article-categories>
         <subj-group>
            <subject>Review</subject>
         </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
         <article-title>Therapeutic drug monitoring for triazoles: A needs assessment review and recommendations from a Canadian perspective</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U13496481" corresp="yes">
            <name>
               <surname>Laverdiere</surname>
               <given-names>Michel</given-names>
            </name>
            <email>michel.laverdiere@umontreal.ca</email>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">
               <sup>1</sup>
            </xref>

         </contrib>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U34097865">
            <name>
               <surname>Bow</surname>
               <given-names>Eric J</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">
               <sup>2</sup>
            </xref>

         </contrib>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U24786523">
            <name>
               <surname>Rotstein</surname>
               <given-names>Coleman</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">
               <sup>3</sup>
            </xref>
  
         </contrib>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U93094023">
            <name>
               <surname>Autmizguine</surname>
               <given-names>Julie</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4">
               <sup>4</sup>
            </xref>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5">
               <sup>5</sup>
            </xref>
         </contrib>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U34329650">
            <name>
               <surname>Broady</surname>
               <given-names>Raewyn</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I6">
               <sup>6</sup>
            </xref>
         </contrib>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U61873716">
            <name>
               <surname>Garber</surname>
               <given-names>Gary</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I7">
               <sup>7</sup>
            </xref>
         </contrib>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U42812036">
            <name>
               <surname>Haider</surname>
               <given-names>Shariq</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I8">
               <sup>8</sup>
            </xref>
         </contrib>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U71691658">
            <name>
               <surname>Hussaini</surname>
               <given-names>Trana</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I9">
               <sup>9</sup>
            </xref>
         </contrib>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U20476052">
            <name>
               <surname>Husain</surname>
               <given-names>Shahid</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">
               <sup>3</sup>
            </xref>
         </contrib>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U51409721">
            <name>
               <surname>Ovetchkine</surname>
               <given-names>Philippe</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I10">
               <sup>10</sup>
            </xref>
         </contrib>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U39231094">
            <name>
               <surname>Seki</surname>
               <given-names>Jack T</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I11">
               <sup>11</sup>
            </xref>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I12">
               <sup>12</sup>
            </xref>
         </contrib>
         <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U51426504">
            <name>
               <surname>Th&#xe9;or&#xea;t</surname>
               <given-names>Yves</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5">
               <sup>5</sup>
            </xref>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I13">
               <sup>13</sup>
            </xref>
         </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="I1">
         <sup>1</sup>
         <addr-line>Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases</addr-line>
         <addr-line>H&#xf4;pital Maisonneuve-Rosemont</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Montreal</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Quebec</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
         <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">maisonneuve-rosemont.org</ext-link>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I2">
         <sup>2</sup>
         <addr-line>Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases</addr-line>
         <addr-line>and Internal Medicine</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Sections of Infectious Diseases and Hematology&#8725;Oncology</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Blood and Marrow Transplant</addr-line>
         <addr-line>University of Manitoba</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Winnipeg</addr-line>
                <addr-line>Manitoba</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
         <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">umanitoba.ca</ext-link>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I3">
         <sup>3</sup>
         <addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Toronto General Hospital</addr-line>
         <addr-line>University Health Network</addr-line>
         <addr-line>University of Toronto</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Toronto</addr-line>
                      <addr-line>Ontario</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
         <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">utoronto.ca</ext-link>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I4">
         <sup>4</sup>
         <addr-line>Service des Maladies Infectieuses</addr-line>
                <addr-line>D&#xe9;partement de P&#xe9;diatrie</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I5">
         <sup>5</sup>
         <addr-line>Unit&#xe9; de Pharmacologie Clinique</addr-line>
         <addr-line>CHU Ste-Justine</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Montreal</addr-line>
            <addr-line>Quebec</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
         <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">chusj.org</ext-link>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I6">
         <sup>6</sup>
         <addr-line>Division of Haematology</addr-line>
         <addr-line>University of British Columbia</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Vancouver</addr-line>
              <addr-line>British Columbia</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
         <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">ubc.ca</ext-link>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I7">
         <sup>7</sup>
         <addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases</addr-line>
         <addr-line>University of Ottawa&#8725;Ottawa Hospital</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I8">
         <sup>8</sup>
         <addr-line>Hamilton Health Sciences</addr-line>
         <addr-line>McMaster University</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Hamilton</addr-line>
                <addr-line>Ontario</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
         <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">mcmaster.ca</ext-link>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I9">
         <sup>9</sup>
         <addr-line>Solid Organ Transplantation</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Service Unit</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Vancouver General Hospital</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Vancouver</addr-line>
                <addr-line>British Columbia</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
         <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">vch.ca</ext-link>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I10">
         <sup>10</sup>
         <addr-line>Service de Maladies Infectieuses</addr-line>
         <addr-line>D&#xe9;partement de P&#xe9;diatrie</addr-line>
         <addr-line>CHU Sainte-Justine</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Universit&#xe9; de Montr&#xe9;al</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Montreal</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
         <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">umontreal.ca</ext-link>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I11">
         <sup>11</sup>
         <addr-line>Department of Pharmacy</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Princess Margaret Cancer Centre</addr-line>
          <addr-line>University Health Network</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
         <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">theprincessmargaret.ca</ext-link>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I12">
         <sup>12</sup>
         <addr-line>Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy</addr-line>
         <addr-line>University of Toronto</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Toronto</addr-line>
          <addr-line>Ontario</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
         <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">utoronto.ca</ext-link>
      </aff>
      <aff id="I13">
         <sup>13</sup>
         <addr-line>D&#xe9;partement de Pharmacologie</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Universit&#xe9; de Montr&#xe9;al</addr-line>
         <addr-line>Montreal</addr-line>
             <addr-line>Quebec</addr-line>
         <country>Canada</country>
         <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">umontreal.ca</ext-link>
      </aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="publication-year">
         <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>25</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>327</fpage>
      <lpage>343</lpage>
      <permissions>
         <copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
         <copyright-holder>Copyright &#xa9; 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation.</copyright-holder>
         <license license-type="open-access">
            <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the <ext-link xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
         </license>
      </permissions>
   
      <abstract>
         <p>Invasive fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with concomitant underlying immunosuppressive diseases. The recent addition of new triazoles to the antifungal armamentarium has allowed for extended-spectrum activity and flexibility of administration. Over the years, clinical use has raised concerns about the degree of drug exposure following standard approved drug dosing, questioning the need for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Accordingly, the present guidelines focus on TDM of triazole antifungal agents. A review of the rationale for triazole TDM, the targeted patient populations and available laboratory methods, as well as practical recommendations based on current evidence from an extended literature review are provided in the present document.</p>
      </abstract>
    
      <kwd-group>
         <kwd>Invasive fungal infection</kwd>
         <kwd>Therapeutic drug monitoring</kwd>
         <kwd>Triazole antifungal antibiotics</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
         <ref-count count="239"/>
         <page-count count="17"/>
      </counts>
   </article-meta>
</front>
