<front xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.0/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <journal-meta>
        <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ECAM</journal-id>
        <journal-title-group>
            <journal-title>Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine</journal-title>
        </journal-title-group>
        <issn pub-type="epub">1741-4288</issn>
        <issn pub-type="ppub">1741-427X</issn>
        <publisher>
            <publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
        </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2016/9240103</article-id>
        <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">9240103</article-id>
        <article-categories>
            <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
                <subject>Research Article</subject>
            </subj-group>
        </article-categories>
        <title-group>
            <article-title>Identification of the Metabolic Enzyme Involved Morusin Metabolism and Characterization of Its Metabolites by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS)</article-title>
        </title-group>
        <contrib-group>
            <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U48575140">
                <name>
                    <surname>Shi</surname>
                    <given-names>Xianbao</given-names>
                </name>
                <email>sxbsln@163.com</email>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">
                    <sup>1</sup>
                </xref>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U23756317">
                <name>
                    <surname>Mackie</surname>
                    <given-names>Brianna</given-names>
                </name>
                <email>baxleyb@mymail.vcu.edu</email>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">
                    <sup>1,2</sup>
                </xref>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U86523240">
                <name>
                    <surname>Zhang</surname>
                    <given-names>Gang</given-names>
                </name>
                <email>gzhang2@foxmail.com</email>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">
                    <sup>2</sup>
                </xref>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U47410172">
                <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-0890</contrib-id>
                <name>
                    <surname>Yang</surname>
                    <given-names>Shuman</given-names>
                </name>
                <email>shuman.yang@umanitoba.ca</email>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">
                    <sup>3</sup>
                </xref>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U12050959">
                <name>
                    <surname>Song</surname>
                    <given-names>Yonggui</given-names>
                </name>
                <email>songkang9925@163.com</email>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4">
                    <sup>4</sup>
                </xref>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U92534832">
                <name>
                    <surname>Su</surname>
                    <given-names>Dan</given-names>
                </name>
                <email>sud94@aliyun.com</email>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4">
                    <sup>4</sup>
                </xref>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U71784613">
                <name>
                    <surname>Liu</surname>
                    <given-names>Yali</given-names>
                </name>
                <email>582685133@qq.com</email>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4">
                    <sup>4</sup>
                </xref>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U20420419" corresp="yes">
                <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1187-9156</contrib-id>
                <name>
                    <surname>Shan</surname>
                    <given-names>Lina</given-names>
                </name>
                <email>shanlina123@163.com</email>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">
                    <sup>1</sup>
                </xref>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="Academic Editor" id="U74169705">
                <name>
                    <surname>Stough</surname>
                    <given-names>Con</given-names>
                </name>
            </contrib>
        </contrib-group>
        <aff id="I1">
            <sup>1</sup>
            <addr-line>Department of Pharmacy</addr-line>
            <addr-line>The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University</addr-line>
            <addr-line>Jinzhou</addr-line>
            <country>China</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="I2">
            <sup>2</sup>
            <addr-line>Department of Medicinal Chemistry</addr-line>
            <addr-line>Virginia Commonwealth University</addr-line>
            <addr-line>Richmond</addr-line>
            <addr-line>VA</addr-line>
            <country>USA</country><ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">vcu.edu</ext-link>
        </aff>
        <aff id="I3">
            <sup>3</sup>
            <addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine/Community Health Sciences</addr-line>
            <addr-line>University of Manitoba</addr-line>
            <addr-line>Winnipeg</addr-line>
            <addr-line>MB</addr-line>
            <country>Canada</country><ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">umanitoba.ca</ext-link>
        </aff>
        <aff id="I4">
            <sup>4</sup>
            <addr-line>Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</addr-line>
            <addr-line>Nanchang 330004</addr-line>
            <country>China</country><ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">jxutcm.edu.cn</ext-link>
        </aff>
        <pub-date pub-type="publication-year">
            <year>2016</year>
        </pub-date>
        <pub-date pub-type="archival-date">
            <day>6</day>
            <month>9</month>
            <year>2016</year>
        </pub-date>
        <volume>2016</volume>
        <history>
            <date date-type="received">
                <day>12</day>
                <month>05</month>
                <year>2016</year>
            </date>
            <date date-type="rev-recd">
                <day>27</day>
                <month>07</month>
                <year>2016</year>
            </date>
            <date date-type="accepted">
                <day>02</day>
                <month>08</month>
                <year>2016</year>
            </date>
        </history>
        <permissions>
            <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
            <copyright-holder> Copyright &#xa9; 2016 Xianbao Shi et al.</copyright-holder>
            <license license-type="open-access">
                <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the <ext-link xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
            </license>
        </permissions>
        <abstract>
            <p>Morusin, the important active component of a traditional Chinese medicine,<italic> Morus alba </italic>L., has been shown to exhibit many vital pharmacological activities. In this study, six recombinant CYP450 supersomes and liver microsomes were used to perform metabolic studies. Chemical inhibition studies and screening assays with recombinant human cytochrome P450s were also used to characterize the CYP450 isoforms involved in morusin metabolism. The morusin metabolites identified varied greatly among different species. Eight metabolites of morusin were detected in the liver microsomes from pigs (PLMs), rats (RLMs), and monkeys (MLMs) by LC-MS/MS and six metabolites were detected in the liver microsomes from humans (HLMs), rabbits (RAMs), and dogs (DLMs). Four metabolites (M<sub>1</sub>, M<sub>2</sub>, M<sub>5</sub>, and M<sub>7</sub>) were found in all species and hydroxylation was the major metabolic transformation. CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19 contributed differently to the metabolism of morusin. Compared to other CYP450 isoforms, CYP3A4 played the most significant role in the metabolism of morusin in human liver microsomes. These results are significant to better understand the metabolic behaviors of morusin among various species.</p>
        </abstract>
        <funding-group>
            <award-group>
                <funding-source xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005047">Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province</funding-source>
                <award-id>2014022005</award-id>
            </award-group>
        </funding-group>
        <counts>
            <ref-count count="23"/>
            <page-count count="10"/>
        </counts>
    </article-meta>
</front>
