<front xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.0/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <journal-meta>
        <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ABB</journal-id>
        <journal-title-group>
            <journal-title>Applied Bionics and Biomechanics</journal-title>
        </journal-title-group>
        <issn pub-type="epub">1754-2103</issn>
        <issn pub-type="ppub">1176-2322</issn>
        <publisher>
            <publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
        </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2015/837585</article-id>
        <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">837585</article-id>
        <article-categories>
            <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
                <subject>Research Article</subject>
            </subj-group>
        </article-categories>
        <title-group>
            <article-title>A QCT-Based Nonsegmentation Finite Element Head Model for Studying Traumatic Brain Injury</article-title>
        </title-group>
        <contrib-group>
            <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U41780439">
                <name>
                    <surname>Liang</surname>
                    <given-names>Zhaoyang</given-names>
                </name>
                <email>zyliang@versatile-ag.com</email>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"/>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U17647194" corresp="yes">
                <name>
                    <surname>Luo</surname>
                    <given-names>Yunhua</given-names>
                </name>
                <email>yunhua.luo@ad.umanitoba.ca</email>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"/>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="Academic Editor" id="U19645718">
                <name>
                    <surname>Cheze</surname>
                    <given-names>Laurence</given-names>
                </name>
            </contrib>
        </contrib-group>
        <aff id="I1">
            <addr-line>Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB</addr-line>
            <country>Canada</country>
            <addr-line>R3T 5V6</addr-line>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">umanitoba.ca</ext-link>
        </aff>
        <pub-date pub-type="publication-year">
            <year>2015</year>
        </pub-date>
        <pub-date pub-type="archival-date">
            <day>29</day>
            <month>1</month>
            <year>2015</year>
        </pub-date>
        <volume>2015</volume>
        <history>
            <date date-type="received">
                <day>30</day>
                <month>09</month>
                <year>2014</year>
            </date>
            <date date-type="rev-recd">
                <day>17</day>
                <month>01</month>
                <year>2015</year>
            </date>
            <date date-type="accepted">
                <day>17</day>
                <month>01</month>
                <year>2015</year>
            </date>
            <date date-type="pub">
                <day>29</day>
                <month>1</month>
                <year>2015</year>
            </date>
        </history>
        <permissions>
            <copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
            <copyright-holder>Copyright &#xA9; 2015 Zhaoyang Liang and Yunhua Luo.</copyright-holder>
            <license license-type="open-access">
                <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the <ext-link xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
            </license>
        </permissions>
        <abstract>
            <p>In the existing finite element head models (FEHMs) that are constructed from medical images, head tissues are usually segmented into a number of components according to the interior anatomical structure of the head. Each component is represented by a homogenous material model. There are a number of disadvantages in the segmentation-based finite element head models. Therefore, we developed a nonsegmentation finite element head model with pointwise-heterogeneous material properties and corroborated it by available experiment data. From the obtained results, it was found that although intracranial pressures predicted by the existing (piecewise-homogeneous) and the proposed (pointwise-heterogeneous) FEHM are very similar to each other, strain/stress levels in the head tissues are very different. The maximum peak strains/stresses predicted by the proposed FEHM are much higher than those by the existing FEHM, indicating that piecewise-homogeneous FEHM may have underestimated the stress/strain level induced by impact and thus may be inaccurate in predicting traumatic brain injuries.</p>
        </abstract>
        <funding-group>
            <award-group>
                <funding-source>Manitoba Health Research Council</funding-source>
            </award-group>
        </funding-group>
        <counts>
            <ref-count count="18"/>
            <page-count count="8"/>
        </counts>
    </article-meta>
</front>
