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Open Access
Together At Last: An Academic and Public Library Leisure Reading Partnership
(Manitoba Library Conference, 2014-05-13) Lê, Mê-Linh; Bourrier-LaCroix, Barbara; Ducas, Ada
The creation of leisure reading collections in health sciences libraries is a growing trend, due in part to research that has shown the connection between recreational reading and both academic achievement and personal and cultural enrichment. This presentation will highlight the partnership process undertaken by Winnipeg Public Library and the University of Manitoba to create a leisure reading collection for faculty, staff, students, and patients and their families housed at the Neil John Maclean Health Sciences Library. Included will be a discussion of the specific model used to create the collection; the creation of a partnership document outlining roles, responsibilities, desired outcomes and evaluation; and the challenges faced by the project. A preliminary evaluation of usage data will be presented, as well as future directions for the collection.
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Open Access
Exploring the needs of Indigenous 2SLGBTQ+ young people in child welfare in Manitoba
(2024-03-25) Meissner, Darlene; Dano-Chartrand, Linda (Knowledge Keeper); Pompana, Yvonne (Social Work); Milliken, Eveline
This research addresses the need for Indigenous two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, transgender, non-binary, and intersex (2SLGBTQ+) specific services for children and youth in the care of Manitoba Child and Family Services (CFS). Throughout this exploration, the researcher has sought the insights of current and past Indigenous 2SLGBTQ+ young people in the care of the child welfare system, and from service providers who experience working with them and understand their needs while in CFS care and post-care.
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Open Access
A prospective and retrospective program evaluation of a community-based behaviour stabilization service
(2024-05-01) Summers, Jessica; Ediger, James (Psychology); Temple, Beverley (Psychology); Yu, C.T. (Psychology); Rivard, Mélina (Université du Québec à Montréal); Martin, Toby
As many as 20% of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) display challenging behaviours such as self-injury or aggression, which may negatively impact quality-of-life, learning, employment, and social integration (Bowring et al., 2019; Emerson et al., 2001; Sheehan & Hassiotis, 2017). Without adequate intervention, disruptive challenging behaviours may lead to a behavioural crisis (McCombe et al., 2022; Weiss et al., 2009). A behavioural crisis occurs when an individual with ID engages in aggressive behaviour that results in imminent and significant threats to safety (their own, or safety of others) (McCombe et al., 2022; Rubin et al., 2007). In the context of behavioural crises, behavioural stabilization services can provide assistance through behavioural consultation and assessment to create a path for successful community integration (Rubin et al., 2007; Wieseler et al., 2002). Previous literature is lacking in guidance on the best way to structure a behaviour stabilization service (McCombe et al., 2022). A logic model framework to evaluate a behaviour stabilization program provides a consistent and systematic way to understand program components and compare programs. Prior evaluations of behaviour stabilization programs that performed outreach and capacity building did not use a logic model framework and lacked social validity information from multiple perspectives. The purposes of this research were to comprehensively evaluate St.Amant's Community Stabilization Service (CSS) through the use and co-construction of a logic model and social validity measures, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of CSS at St.Amant, and provide a list of recommendations to strengthen the program and improve service. Two studies were conducted that used anonymized retrospective data and prospective data. Retrospective data from CSS and two outside organizations were collected and analyzed from April 1, 2017-March 31, 2021, to characterize the program’s inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes. The nine prospective survey respondents were generally satisfied with the program. This research contributes to the current, limited research in this area by providing a methodological improvement over prior work by using a logic model framework to evaluate a behaviour stabilization program.
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Open Access
Ascertaining the Francophone population in Ontario: validating the language variable in health data
(2024-04-27) Batista, Ricardo; Hsu, Amy T.; Bouchard, Louise; Reaume, Michael; Rhodes, Emily; Sucha, Ewa; Guerin, Eva; Prud’homme, Denis; Manuel, Douglas G.; Tanuseputro, Peter
Abstract Background Language barriers can impact health care and outcomes. Valid and reliable language data is central to studying health inequalities in linguistic minorities. In Canada, language variables are available in administrative health databases; however, the validity of these variables has not been studied. This study assessed concordance between language variables from administrative health databases and language variables from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) to identify Francophones in Ontario. Methods An Ontario combined sample of CCHS cycles from 2000 to 2012 (from participants who consented to link their data) was individually linked to three administrative databases (home care, long-term care [LTC], and mental health admissions). In total, 27,111 respondents had at least one encounter in one of the three databases. Language spoken at home (LOSH) and first official language spoken (FOLS) from CCHS were used as reference standards to assess their concordance with the language variables in administrative health databases, using the Cohen kappa, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV). Results Language variables from home care and LTC databases had the highest agreement with LOSH (kappa = 0.76 [95%CI, 0.735–0.793] and 0.75 [95%CI, 0.70–0.80], respectively) and FOLS (kappa = 0.66 for both). Sensitivity was higher with LOSH as the reference standard (75.5% [95%CI, 71.6–79.0] and 74.2% [95%CI, 67.3–80.1] for home care and LTC, respectively). With FOLS as the reference standard, the language variables in both data sources had modest sensitivity (53.1% [95%CI, 49.8–56.4] and 54.1% [95%CI, 48.3–59.7] in home care and LTC, respectively) but very high specificity (99.8% [95%CI, 99.7–99.9] and 99.6% [95%CI, 99.4–99.8]) and predictive values. The language variable from mental health admissions had poor agreement with all language variables in the CCHS. Conclusions Language variables in home care and LTC health databases were most consistent with the language often spoken at home. Studies using language variables from administrative data can use the sensitivity and specificity reported from this study to gauge the level of mis-ascertainment error and the resulting bias.
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Open Access
Traditional stand-up dumbbell curls induced uniform elbow flexors regional hypertrophy in untrained individuals
(2024-05-06) Wang, Shizhen; Cornish, Stephen (Kinesiology and Recreation Management); Ogborn, Dan (Kinesiology and Recreation Management); Scribbans, Trisha
Context: Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in daily motion, athletic performance, health, and longevity. However, aging- or disuse-induced muscle loss can lead to functional disorders, vulnerability to injury, and increased risks of chronic diseases if left unattended. Resistance training, a type of physical exercise where skeletal muscle contracts against an external resistance to improve function and aesthetics, has been widely considered the most effective extraneous means to increase muscle mass and prevent the health-related risk of muscle atrophy. Recent evidence suggests that a muscle could increase its anatomical cross-sectional area and muscle thickness of a particular region to a greater degree than others, referred to as regional muscle hypertrophy (RMH). Objective: This study examined the change in muscle thickness (MT) at three regions of elbow flexors (EF) and its RMH pattern to eight-week standing dumbbell curl (SDC) training. Method: 22 untrained individuals (age: 23.4±3.9 years) were recruited to participate in the study. Participants completed 24 sessions (eight weeks, 3 sessions/week) of unilateral SDC training with a dumbbell equivalent to 70% of their one repetition maximum. MT of the proximal, middle, and distal elbow flexor of each participant was assessed before and after training using B-mode ultrasonography. A paired sample t-test was used to assess the pre-post MT changes of each of the three regions. A one-way repeated measure analysis of variance was conducted to compare the percent change in MT between regions. Result: Paired sample t-tests found significant differences between pre- and post-MT of all three regions (Proximal: p<0.001, d=1.63, Middle: p<0.001, d=1.21, Distal: p<0.001, d=2.06). No significant differences were found among regions. Conclusion: The current study showed significant increases in MT of all three regions of the EF in untrained participants in response to eight weeks of SDC RT. Further, no significant differences were observed between regions, suggesting that SDC training induced uniform muscle growth across the long axis of the EF.
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Open Access
Kawasaki disease in Kenya and review of the African literature
(2024-04-14) Migowa, A.; Njeru, CM.; Were, E.; Ngwiri, T.; Colmegna, I.; Hitchon, C.; Scuccimarri, R.
Abstract Background Kawasaki disease has been described across the globe, although publications from Africa are limited. To our knowledge, there are no publications on Kawasaki disease from Kenya, which triggered this report. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken to identify in-patients with a discharge diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, over 2 different 5-year periods, at two pediatric hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya. We reviewed the medical records of all patients and report their clinical findings, diagnostic workup and treatment. In addition, we undertook a detailed review of the literature. Results Twenty-three patients with Kawasaki disease were identified, of those 12 (52.2%) had incomplete disease. The mean age was 2.3 years (SD+/-2.2) (range 0.3–10.3) with a male to female ratio of 1:1. The mean duration of fever at diagnosis was 8.3 days (SD+/-4.7) (range 2–20). Oral changes were the most common clinical feature and conjunctivitis the least common. Thrombocytosis at diagnosis was seen in 52% (12/23). Twenty-one patients (91.3%) were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and all except 1 received aspirin. Baseline echocardiograms were performed in 95.7% (22/23) and found to be abnormal in 3 (13.6%). Follow-up data was limited. Our literature review identified 79 publications with documented cases of Kawasaki disease in children from 22 countries across the African continent with a total of 1115 patients including those from this report. Only 153 reported cases, or 13.7%, are from sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusions This is the first publication on Kawasaki disease from Kenya and one of the largest reports from sub-Saharan Africa. It is the first to have a complete review of the number of published cases from the African continent. Challenges in the diagnosis and management of Kawasaki disease in many African countries include disease awareness, infectious confounders, access and cost of intravenous immunoglobulin, access to pediatric echocardiography and follow-up. Increasing awareness and health care resources are important for improving outcomes of Kawasaki disease in Africa.
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Open Access
Publisher Correction to: Exploring patient and caregiver perceptions of the meaning of the patient partner role: a qualitative study
(2024-04-26) Chudyk, Anna M.; Stoddard, Roger; McCleary, Nicola; Duhamel, Todd A.; Shimmin, Carolyn; Hickes, Serena; Schultz, Annette S. H.
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Open Access
Associations between glucocorticoids and habitat selection reflect daily and seasonal energy requirements
(2024-04-22) Newediuk, Levi; Mastromonaco, Gabriela F.; Vander Wal, Eric
Abstract Background Glucocorticoids are often associated with stressful environments, but they are also thought to drive the best strategies to improve fitness in stressful environments. Glucocorticoids improve fitness in part by regulating foraging behaviours in response to daily and seasonal energy requirements. However, many studies demonstrating relationships between foraging behaviour and glucocorticoids are experimental, and few observational studies conducted under natural conditions have tested whether changing glucocorticoid levels are related to daily and seasonal changes in energy requirements. Methods We integrated glucocorticoids into habitat selection models to test for relationships between foraging behaviour and glucocorticoid levels in elk (Cervus canadensis) as their daily and seasonal energy requirements changed. Using integrated step selection analysis, we tested whether elevated glucocorticoid levels were related to foraging habitat selection on a daily scale and whether that relationship became stronger during lactation, one of the greatest seasonal periods of energy requirement for female mammals. Results We found stronger selection of foraging habitat by female elk with elevated glucocorticoids (eß = 1.44 95% CI 1.01, 2.04). We found no difference in overall glucocorticoid levels after calving, nor a significant change in the relationship between glucocorticoids and foraging habitat selection at the time of calving. However, we found a gradual increase in the relationship between glucocorticoids and habitat selection by female elk as their calves grew over the next few months (eß = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00, 1.02), suggesting a potentially stronger physiological effect of glucocorticoids for elk with increasing energy requirements. Conclusions We suggest glucocorticoid-integrated habitat selection models demonstrate the role of glucocorticoids in regulating foraging responses to daily and seasonal energy requirements. Ultimately, this integration will help elucidate the implications of elevated glucocorticoids under natural conditions.
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Open Access
Geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in the coverage of contraception in Uttar Pradesh, India
(2024-04-11) Halli, Shiva S.; Alam, Mohd T.; Namasivayam, Vasanthakumar; Prakash, Ravi; Anand, Preeti; Blanchard, James; Wehrmeister, Fernando
Abstract Background Uttar Pradesh (UP) is the most populous state in India, with a historically lower level of family planning coverage than the national average. In recent decades, family planning coverage in UP has significantly increased, yet there are considerable geographic and socio-economic inequalities. Methods The data used for the study is derived from a cross-sectional quantitative survey of 12,200 currently married women conducted during December 2020–February 2021 in UP by the Technical Support Unit. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed and equiplots were used to make visualizing inequalities easy. Results The findings of the study reveal significant variation in family planning coverage indicators amongst currently married women in reproductive ages by administrative divisions in UP. For instance, in the Jhansi division, it was 72.4%, while in Faizabad, it was 39.3%. Jhansi division experienced the highest modern contraceptive coverage with the lowest inequity compared to other divisions. However, the range of coverage within the division by Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) areas is 25% to 75%. In fact, for some ASHA areas in the Jhansi division, the family planning demand satisfied for modern contraception ranged from more than 85% to less than 22%. On the other hand, the Gonda division with the lowest coverage and lowest inequity for demand satisfied for modern contraception has some ASHA areas with less than 5% and some with more than 36%. The study also revealed intersectionality of education, wealth, place of residence and geographic divisions in identifying inequity patterns. For instance, in case of Mirzapur and Varanasi, the demand satisfied among the illiterates was 69% and the corresponding percentage for literates was 49%. With respect to place of residence, Basti division, where the coverage for modern contraception is extremely low, demand satisfied for modern contraceptive methods is 16.3% among rural residents compared to 57.9% in the case of urban residents. Conclusions The findings showed inequality in the modern family planning methods coverage in UP in both best and worst performing divisions. The inequalities exist even in extremely small geographies such as ASHA areas. Within the geographies as well, the socio-economic inequalities persisted. These inequalities at multiple levels are important to consider for effective resource allocation and utilization.
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Open Access
The use of prescription medications and non-prescription medications during lactation in a prospective Canadian cohort study
(2024-04-08) Soliman, Youstina; Yakandawala, Uma; Leong, Christine; Garlock, Emma S.; Brinkman, Fiona S.; Winsor, Geoffrey L.; Kozyrskyj, Anita L.; Mandhane, Piushkumar J.; Turvey, Stuart E.; Moraes, Theo J.; Subbarao, Padmaja; Nickel, Nathan C.; Thiessen, Kellie; Azad, Meghan B.; Kelly, Lauren E.
Abstract Background A lack of safety data on postpartum medication use presents a potential barrier to breastfeeding and may result in infant exposure to medications in breastmilk. The type and extent of medication use by lactating women requires investigation. Methods Data were collected from the CHILD Cohort Study which enrolled pregnant women across Canada between 2008 and 2012. Participants completed questionnaires regarding medications and non-prescription medications used and breastfeeding status at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Medications, along with self-reported reasons for medication use, were categorized by ontologies [hierarchical controlled vocabulary] as part of a large-scale curation effort to enable more robust investigations of reasons for medication use. Results A total of 3542 mother-infant dyads were recruited to the CHILD study. Breastfeeding rates were 87.4%, 75.3%, 45.5% at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. About 40% of women who were breastfeeding at 3 months used at least one prescription medication during the first three months postpartum; this proportion decreased over time to 29.5% % at 6 months and 32.8% at 12 months. The most commonly used prescription medication by breastfeeding women was domperidone at 3 months (9.0%, n = 229/2540) and 6 months (5.6%, n = 109/1948), and norethisterone at 12 months (4.1%, n = 48/1180). The vast majority of domperidone use by breastfeeding women (97.3%) was for lactation purposes which is off-label (signifying unapproved use of an approved medication). Non-prescription medications were more often used among breastfeeding than non-breastfeeding women (67.6% versus 48.9% at 3 months, p < 0.0001), The most commonly used non-prescription medications were multivitamins and Vitamin D at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Conclusions In Canada, medication use is common postpartum; 40% of breastfeeding women use prescription medications in the first 3 months postpartum. A diverse range of medications were used, with many women taking more than one prescription and non-prescription medicines. The most commonly used prescription medication by breastfeeding women were domperidone for off-label lactation support, signalling a need for more data on the efficacy of domperidone for this indication. This data should inform research priorities and communication strategies developed to optimize care during lactation.