Manitoba Heritage Theses
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Contains full text Manitoba-related theses dating from 1902 to the present.
The University of Manitoba Libraries gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Manitoba Department of Heritage, Culture, Tourism and Sport in the digitization of many of these theses.
The University of Manitoba Libraries gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Manitoba Department of Heritage, Culture, Tourism and Sport in the digitization of many of these theses.
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- ItemOpen AccessLes modes substitutifs de résolution des différends en matière de violence à caractère sexuel ou de discrimination chez les institutions postsecondaires au Manitoba(2024-03-23) Lebois, Joel; Kennedy, Gerard (Law); Heckman, Gerald (Federal Court of Appeal); Turnbull, LornaLe règlement des différends en matière de violence à caractère sexuel ou de discrimination dans les établissements postsecondaires du Manitoba, dans sa forme actuelle, ne sert pas de façon optimale les intérêts des établissements ni des membres de leur collectivité. Les processus actuels de règlement des différends, largement inspirés du système de justice pénale, ne cadrent pas avec les missions et les objectifs de ces établissements et ne tiennent pas suffisamment compte du rôle unique que jouent les établissements postsecondaires dans le tissu social manitobain. Le modèle actuel est axé sur une détermination des faits dans un processus d’enquête qui est contradictoire pour les parties – soit où les parties sont des adversaires – et n’offre aucune occasion pour l’apprentissage ou la responsabilisation. De plus, il impose un lourd fardeau à toutes les parties concernées, prenant beaucoup de temps et d’énergie émotionnelle dans un système dichotomisé « tout ou rien » qui laisse souvent au moins une partie insatisfaite du résultat. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que dans le cas de comportements qui ne sont pas à la fois des comportements criminels, un changement vers des modes substitutifs de résolution des différends, avec l’intégration de la participation obligatoire comme partie fondamentale du processus de règlement des différends atténuerait une partie ou la totalité de ces lacunes. La transition permettrait non seulement d’accroître le niveau de satisfaction des participants, mais aussi d’assurer une meilleure harmonisation avec les valeurs fondamentales et la vision des établissements postsecondaires. Les options non décisionnelles offrent le potentiel de meilleurs résultats pour les participants, et s’alignent mieux avec une vision qui cherche à éduquer de jeunes adultes qui commettent des faux pas plutôt que les punir sans présenter une occasion de croissance.
- ItemOpen AccessAn examination of Dietary Inflammatory Index scores in a Canadian nationally representative sample(2024-02-09) Fleet, Kristen; Lengyel, Christina (Food and Human Nutritional Sciences); Urquia, Marcelo (Community Health Sciences); Reimer, Raylene (University of Calgary); Eck, Peter; Clara, IanThere is growing recognition that diet can influence an individual’s inflammation level and ultimately, their risk for developing disease (Minihane et al., 2015; Prasad et al., 2012). The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was developed to assess the inflammatory potential of an individual’s diet and pro-inflammatory diets have been linked to numerous chronic diseases (Phillips et al., 2019). That said, there is a paucity of research examining the inflammatory nature of diets in Canada. The current project used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey – Nutrition 2015. The study sample consisted of adults aged 18-65, who were not pregnant. 24-hour dietary recalls were used to calculate DII and Health Eating Index – Canada (HEI-C) scores. Adherence to food guide recommendations was assessed using Health Canada’s four-tiered, grading system. The association between DII and HEI-C scores, as well as adherence to the Canadian Food Guide recommendations were measured. The influence of personal and external factors that influence diet and DII scores was examined using a structural equation modelling approach. Results indicated that there was an inverse relationship between adherence to food guide recommendations and DII scores; however, no significant relationship was observed for HEI-C scores. Higher DII scores were noted for individuals who were not married or had lower levels of education or income. The best fitting structural equation model included variables for sex, income, number of foods consumed and length of time since immigration. The findings in this thesis indicated that certain Canadian populations have significantly higher DII scores and this knowledge could lead to the development of effective interventions to promote the consumption of an anti-inflammatory diet.
- ItemOpen AccessAn evaluation of farmer-selected spring wheat genotypes from Canada's first organic participatory breeding program(2024-03-04) Carkner, Michelle; Duncan, Robert (Plant Science); Kumar, Santosh (Plant Science); Schneider, Kimberley (Soil Science); Döring, Thomas (University of Bonn); Entz, MartinDespite organic spring wheat’s (Triticum aestivum L.) economic and cultural importance to Canadian agriculture, breeding for organic production systems remains a challenge. Organic growing environments are different from conventional farms in terms of weed species and abundance, fertility, and soil biology. More specifically, many organic farms where most of the organic wheat in Canada is grown (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba), are deficient in soil test phosphorus (P). To address these complex challenges, the unorthodox breeding model, participatory plant breeding (PPB), has been proposed. An organic PPB wheat program has been practiced across Canada over the past decade, providing an unprecedented opportunity to explore the influence that selection environment diversity has on the agronomic performance under organic management. Field trials testing 25 PPB genotypes against 6 check cultivars across 12 environments demonstrated three PPB genotypes and one check cultivar to be top yield performers. A second experiment compared a modern cultivar and a landrace cultivar used as parental material in the PPB program, as well as the product of two farmer-selected PPB genotypes by farmers in different geographic locations from the same cross. The genotypes were tested under P limited and P-amended organic conditions, to investigate resilience against P limited conditions. There were no significant differences in yield among genotypes. Farmer genotypes were similar to the modern parent cultivar for protein concentration and lodging severity, and similar to the landrace parent in plant height and kernel mass. More detailed measurements pertinent to phosphorus use, physiology, and uptake efficiency demonstrated that two different phosphorus uptake and use efficiency mechanisms may be occurring between the farmer genotypes. Overall, this research provides evidence that early generation farmer selection is an effective breeding strategy to create distinct genotypes with phenotypic characteristics that are beneficial for organic production systems in Canada. More research is needed to determine how PPB initiatives can better serve organic production systems with a focus on specific site selection at the early generation phase in combination with parental material that may enhance pest resistance and greater phosphorus uptake efficiency. A proposed model of future PPB breeding schemes with special attention to selection environment is presented.
- ItemEmbargoPre-treatment and extraction techniques for improving the recovery of canolol and related phenolics in mustard and canola co-products(2024-02-16) Fadairo, Olamide; House, James (Food and Human Nutritional Sciences); Rempel, Curtis (Food and Human Nutritional Sciences); Aluko, Rotimi (Food and Human Nutritional Sciences); Tsopmo, Apollinaire (Carleton University); Scanlon, Martin; Eskin, MichaelThe objectives of the thesis were to study convective heating (air frying) for improving the extraction of phenolics from mustard and canola co-products, and to assess how micro-emulsion (ME) and supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) processing techniques affect phenolics contents in canola co-products. Mustard and canola seeds were air-fried at temperature-time combinations of 160, 170, 180, or 190 °C for 5, 10, 15 or 20 min. Oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method and the de-oiled meal was air-dried at room temperature. Oil-soluble phenolics were extracted from the oil by hexane/70% methanol mixture, while meal-derived phenolics were isolated using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with 70% (v/v) methanol. Phenolics were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant potential of both the oil and defatted meal extracts was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal ion-chelation (MIC) assays. The extraction of major oil-soluble and meal-derived phenolics in all the mustard and canola co-products showed a temperature-time dependency. The highest canolol content in the oil was obtained after air frying the seeds at 170 and 190 °C for 15 min, for mustard and canola oil, respectively. Oil extracts from both mustard and canola showed improved antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) but poor MIC. On the other hand, canola meal extracts showed better MIC. Canola press cake (CPC) from two different sources was treated with different SC-CO2 and ME protocols to remove varying levels of oil. The partially de-oiled meals were extracted using UAE-70% (v/v) methanol. The phenolic-rich extracts were analyzed and quantified by HPLC-DAD. The results were compared with phenolic extracts from canola meal de-oiled using standard industrial hexane extraction (HE). ME was effective in sinapine removal, while SC-CO2 showed better TPC values than HE and ME. Also, ME extracts showed better MIC while SC-CO2 extracts exhibited better DPPH and FRAP values. The outcomes of the thesis will contribute to value-added processing strategies for canola and mustard to generate antioxidants and produce functional canola meal proteins with potential applications in the food and agro-allied industries.
- ItemEmbargoThe application of composting for phosphorous recovery from alum and ferric precipitated sludges(2024-04-28) Vahedi, Saba; Chen, Ying (Biosystems Engineering); Lozecznik, Stan (Civil Engineering); Yuan, QiuyanIn this study, the recovery of phosphorous (P) from sludge produced during phosphorous removal from secondary wastewater lagoons by using a controlled composting process was investigated. Two compost piles, one using Alum (Al) and the other Ferric (Fe) precipitated sludge, were established. Sludge was mixed with dry woodchips (1:3 ratio), manually turned weekly, and monitored for temperature, moisture, and pH, every two days. After an eight-week thermophilic phase and six-week maturity phase, compost met Category A criteria per CCME guidelines. The compost products were tested on switchgrass and canola to assess phosphorus availability, with control experiments using topsoil and Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) fertilizer. Three cropping cycles, each lasting 50 days, were completed, and analysis of harvested biomass for total phosphorus content using the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) method was conducted. The analysis of the data showed that the phosphorus source with the greatest P uptake and biomass yield for switchgrass was Ferric Compost. Across different growth cycles, P uptake increased for all phosphorus sources, indicating a gradual release of P from composted chemical sludge over time through mineralization. In terms of canola, Fe compost was the most effective phosphorus source in promoting P uptake. P uptake increased steadily throughout growth cycles when cultivating canola with MAP. However, P uptake decreased with Al compost and Fe compost as growth cycles progressed. Regarding canola, among the three phosphorus sources, Al Compost resulted in the highest biomass yield for all phosphorus sources, while biomass yield decreased as growth cycles progressed. Overall, Fe compost proved most effective for P uptake and biomass yield in switchgrass, while Al compost showed better results for canola. Furthermore, the evaluation of phosphorus recovery efficiency (PRE %) underscored the fluctuating nature of phosphorus retention in both switchgrass and canola