Characterization of factors influencing the regulation of dietary folic acid deposition in the eggs
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Date
2011-06-24T17:49:58Z
Authors
Tactacan, Glenmer
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Abstract
The enrichment of egg with folate is a viable option for supplying the general population of a food product rich in natural folates. However, attempts to increase the concentration of folate in egg beyond the achieved level of enrichment had been unsuccessful because egg folate reached a maximum plateau when folic acid (FA) was increased in the diet. Thus, experiments were conducted to determine the factors regulating the deposition of dietary FA into the eggs. In the first study, the effect of feeding equimolar intake of FA and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF), the biologically active form of folate; on egg folate concentrations, indices of folate status, and activities of folate-dependent enzymes was evaluated. Folic acid and 5-methylTHF demonstrated equivalent effects in enhancing the egg folate concentrations and improving the indices of folate status in the laying hen. The activities of folate-dependent enzymes were similar between the two forms of folate except for hepatic dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity which increased in FA-fed birds compared to 5-methylTHF-fed birds. However, this demonstrated the ability of the laying hen to metabolically convert FA into its biologically active forms. Therefore, the influence of intestinal FA absorption in the regulation of FA deposition in the egg was subsequently evaluated. Using the in vitro everted intestinal sac technique, FA was absorbed in all regions of the intestine. Absorption was maximum at acidic pH 6.0, and increased in the duodenum and jejunum compared to the ileum and cecum. The rate of FA absorption in the jejunum diminished at higher FA concentrations. Therefore, further study was conducted to determine the regulation of FA absorption when levels of FA in the laying hen diet are increased. Supplementation of increased FA levels resulted to a down-regulation of FA absorption in the duodenum, but not in the jejunum of the laying hen. This down-regulation was not associated to a decreased mRNA gene expression of the duodenal folate transporters. Overall, decreased intestinal rate of FA absorption possibly associated to a post-transcriptional or translational regulation of specific folate transporters in the intestine of the laying hen may contribute to the saturation in the egg folate concentration.
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Keywords
folic acid, egg, laying hen, absorption, intestinal transporter
Citation
G. B. Tactacan, M. Jing, S. Thiessen, J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, D. L. Connor, W. Guenter, and J. D. House (2010). Characterization of folate-dependent enzymes and indices of folate status in laying hen supplemented with folic acid or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Poultry Science 89:688-696.
G. B. Tactacan, J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, K. O, and J. D. House (2011). Functional characterization of folic acid transport in the intestine of the laying hen using the everted intestinal sac model. Poultry Science 90:83-90.
G. B. Tactacan, J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, K. O, and J. D. House (2011). Functional characterization of folic acid transport in the intestine of the laying hen using the everted intestinal sac model. Poultry Science 90:83-90.