Faculty of Arts Scholarly Works
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- ItemOpen Access50,000 years of Japanese prehistory : a transcript of the symposium of November 1, 1978, University of Manitoba(2012-04-11) Monks, Gregory G.; Kobayoshi, Tatsuo; Pearson, Richard; Ikawa-Smith, Fumiko; Koike, Hiroko; Matsushima, YoshiakeThis volume contains two presentations. The first is a transcript of a seminar on Japanese prehistory, which was given in conjunction with (and to provide context for) the exhibit, "50,000 Years of Japanese Prehistory" at the Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature. It has been edited heavily (by G.G. Monks) in places to ensure clarity, eliminate redundancy and improve grammar. The second presentation is a paper on seasonality estimation using bivalve mollusc shells.
- ItemOpen AccessAdvances in the indirect, descriptive, and experimental approaches to the functional analysis of problem behavior(Psicothema, 2014) Wightman, Jade; Julio, Flávia; Virués-Ortega, JavierBACKGROUND: Experimental functional analysis is an assessment methodology to identify the environmental factors that maintain problem behavior in individuals with developmental disabilities and in other populations. Functional analysis provides the basis for the development of reinforcement-based approaches to treatment. METHODS: This article reviews the procedures, validity, and clinical implementation of the methodological variations of functional analysis and function-based interventions. RESULTS: We present six variations of functional analysis methodology in addition to the typical functional analysis: brief functional analysis, single-function tests, latency-based functional analysis, functional analysis of precursors, and trial-based functional analysis. We also present the three general categories of function-based interventions: extinction, antecedent manipulation, and differential reinforcement. CONCLUSIONS: Functional analysis methodology is a valid and efficient approach to the assessment of problem behavior and the selection of treatment strategies.
- ItemOpen AccessAeschylus on Darius and Persian Memory(JSTOR, 2015) Sampson, C. MichaelThis paper considers how Aeschylus dramatizes the memory of his Persian characters, and argues that the contradictory recollection of Marathon in Persae reflects an imperial ideology with which failure is incompatible: the dramatis personae frame Xerxes' defeat at Salamis as unprecedented even as they summon Darius as a semi-divine benefactor. With recourse to what historians and anthropologists term “social” or “collective” memory, the paper then considers how such a portrayal of Persian memory would have resonated with an Athenian audience in 472 engaged in democratic debate over the nature of the burgeoning Delian League.
- ItemOpen AccessAggression and older adults: news media coverage across care settings and relationships(Cambridge University Press, 2020) Funk, Laura; Herron, Rachel; Spencer, Dale; Thomas, Starr Leeystematic, in-depth exploration of news media coverage of aggression and older adults remains sparse, with little attention to how and why particular frames manifest in coverage across differing settings and relationships. Frame analysis was used to analyze 141 English-language Canadian news media articles published between 2008 and 2019. Existing coverage tended towards stigmatizing, fear-inducing, and biomedical framings of aggression, yet also reflected and reinforced ambiguity, most notably around key differences between settings and relations of care. Mainstream news coverage reflects tensions in public understandings of aggression and older adults (e.g., as a medical or criminal issue), reinforced in particular ways because of the nature of news reporting. More nuanced coverage would advance understanding of differences among settings, relationships, and types of actions, and of the need for multifaceted prevention and policy responses based on these differences.
- ItemOpen AccessAustralian Literature and the Canadian Comparison(1979) Brydon, Diana
- ItemOpen AccessBlack Canadas: Rethinking Canadian and Diasporic Cultural Studies(2001) Brydon, Diana
- ItemOpen AccessBone strength in Medieval Denmark: robusticity analyses from a rural and urban sample(University of Florida Press, 2022-07-27) Parker, Kaela; Larcombe, Linda; Stock, Jay T.; Boldsen, Jesper; Marx-Wolf, Heidi; Hoppa, Robert D.Objectives: The aim of the current study was to understand the transition in lower limb loading and terrestrial mobility during the urbanization revolution in medieval Denmark. This was accomplished by comparing the cross sectional geometric properties of the femora from two populations, the rural cemetery of Tirup and the urban Black Friars cemetery. Materials and Methods: Using two skeletal samples, the rural cemetery of Tirup, Jutland (1150-1350 A.D.), and the urban Black Friars cemetery, Funen (1240-1607 A.D.), cross sectional geometric properties of the right femora were examined. The cross sectional geometric properties of adult long bones are reflections of in-vivo loading. General patterns of relative mechanical loading during life can be interpreted by calculating the cross sectional geometric properties of a long bone’s diaphysis. Compressive and tensile rigidity and strength (CA), maximum and minimum bending rigidity (Imin, Imax), torsional rigidity (J), bending rigidity along the anteroposterior and mediolateral axes (Ix, Iy), and diaphyseal shape (Imax/Imin; Ix/Iy) at the femoral midshaft were calculated from 104 CT scans, 48 from Tirup (32 males, 16 females) and 56 from Black Friars (38 males, 18 females). Results: The results indicate significantly greater robusticity among the Black Friars sample for both males and females. Discussion: In opposition to the prevalent understanding of physicality in medieval communities, the results suggest that lower limb loading (and inferred terrestrial mobility) was greater in the urban setting. Cemetery make-up and population variation between the samples cannot, however, be discounted.
- ItemRestrictedCanada and Brazil: Shifting Contexts for Knowledge Production” (“Canadá e Brasil: Contextos de mundança para a produção de conhecimento)(2013) Brydon, DianaThis paper addresses the shifting contexts for knowledge production as they affect researchers in the humanities and social sciences working within Canada and Brazil on dimensions of Canadian studies in the twenty-first century. It argues for closer attention to the meanings that words carry within localities and when they travel, and to the contexts in which they make sense. Using a series of brief case studies, the paper suggests that interdisciplinary attention to democracy and governance questions may require a shift in focus and a widening of responsibility beyond traditional academic and institutional actors, as well as deeper attention to the role of English in politics and higher education, and a shift in focus from the nation-state alone to the sub-regional and supra-regional levels. The rise of a global higher education regime further highlights the need for researchers, teachers, and students to question not only the methodological natio- nalism of nation-based studies, but also the methodological cosmopolitanism that works at the global level alone, locating both of these within the frames afforded by those decolonial and postcolonial studies that value place-based knowledges and the transnational literacies they can generate. In short, globalization is cre- ating conditions in which the development of transnational partnerships in the co-creation of knowledge seems both desirable and necessary.
- ItemOpen Access"Canada" in The Year That Was.(1986) Brydon, Diana
- ItemOpen Access"Canada" in The Year That Was.(1985) Brydon, Diana
- ItemOpen Access"Canada" in The Year That Was.(1984) Brydon, Diana
- ItemOpen AccessCanada, Brazil, and Beyond: extending the dialogue.(2017) Brydon, Diana; Nunes, Vanessa
- ItemOpen AccessCaribbean Revolution and Literary Convention(1982) Brydon, Diana
- ItemOpen AccessThe Colonial Heroine(1980) Brydon, Diana
- ItemOpen AccessCompeting Autonomy Claims and the Changing Grammar of Global Politics.(2009) Brydon, DianaThis article argues that contending ideas about autonomy lie behind current discourses of human rights, claims to nation-state and cultural autonomy, and democracy promotion. Globalizing processes are bringing these contested understandings of autonomy, and their often silent framing within assumptions about sovereignty, into a new prominence. Locating itself within agonistic views of autonomy and politics, the article argues that it is necessary to pay closer attention to the perspectives that feminist and postcolonial analyses bring to understanding how autonomy, community, culture, and nation are co-constructed within imaginaries, such as liberal multiculturalism, that are no longer adequate to current demands for justice. To succeed, this renewed attention needs to locate itself within an effort to rethink academic community and the research protocols and collaborative practices this community permits and legitimizes.
- ItemOpen Access
- ItemOpen AccessComputer-Assisted Linguistic Analysis(1973-05) Wolfart, H. Christoph; Pardo, FrancisLinguistic analysis depends on a variety of highly structured arrangements of textual and lexical data. These same materials also serve as input to the Inflectional Analysis Package which tests linguistic rules against a large body of spontaneously recorded data. In addition to file processing and rule testing, the identification of new stems and affixes leads to a substantive improvement of the original files. At the same time, the analytic programs may be regarded as a model of morphological analysis. In describing the Cree Project, this report also provides an outline for more detailed or more technical discussions which will appear at a later date; it also intends to present a specific example of computer applications within a relatively small-scale project. A user's guide which makes the programs accessible to other scholars is included as an appendix.
- ItemOpen AccessConceptual negativism in Chipewyan ethnology(2012-04-11) Koolage, William W. Jr.This paper attempts to elucidate how the concept and/or labels of deculturation, disorganization, and disintegration have been employed by anthropologists and Canadian Government researchers in their appraisals of the Chipewyan culture and society, and make some inferences as to why they have been utilized. Assuming the anthropologists described what they observed, why did they see the Chipewyan as they did?
- ItemOpen AccessConstructing the meaning of filial responsibility: Choice and obligation in the accounts of adult children(2015) Funk, LauraThis paper reports findings from an interpretive study of filial responsibility constructions among 28 adult children with aging parents in Victoria, Canada. Participants were interviewed in-person and data were analyzed using coding and constant comparison, with attention to the content and process of talk. Participants tended to have difficulty with using the construct of responsibility to describe the support they provided for aging parents. Ambivalence was tied to symbolic associations of the construct with obligation and burden, which were difficult to reconcile with interpretations of filial relationships as loving and moral, and participants' desires to construct themselves as autonomous. Participants also sought to interpret parent support as voluntary, yet the ideal of choice was also difficult to reconcile with specific realities. The discussion highlights how the interpretive framework of "choice" may further inadvertently support political and economic goals that promote and increase the need for family care of older persons.
- ItemOpen AccessCourt as a health intervention to advance Canada’s achievement of the sustainable development goals : a multi-pronged analysis of Vancouver’s Downtown Community Court(2019-12-18) Garcia, Regiane A; Kenyon, Kristi H; Brolan, Claire E; Coughlin, Juliana; Guedes, Daniel DAbstract Background The increase in problematic substance use is a major problem in Canada and elsewhere, placing a heavy burden on health and justice system resources given a spike in drug-related offences. Thus, achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 3.5 to ‘Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse’ is important for Canada’s overall realization of the SDGs, including SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing). Since 2008, Vancouver’s Downtown Community Court (DCC) has pioneered an innovative partnership among the justice, health and social service systems to address individuals’ needs and circumstances leading to criminal behaviour. While researchers have examined the DCC’s impact on reducing recidivism, with Canada’s SDG health commitments in mind, we set out to examine the ways health and the social determinants of health (SDH) are engaged and framed externally with regard to DCC functioning, as well as internally by DCC actors. We employed a multi-pronged approach analyzing (1) publicly available DCC documents, (2) print media coverage, and (3) health-related discourse and references in DCC hearings. Results The documentary analysis showed that health and the SDH are framed by the DCC as instrumental for reducing drug-related offences and improving public safety. The observation data indicate that judges use health and SDH in providing context, understanding triggers for offences and offering rationale for sentencing and management plans that connect individuals to healthcare, social and cultural services. Conclusions Our study contributes new insights on the effectiveness of the DCC as a means to integrate justice, health and social services for improved health and community safety. The development of such community court interventions, and their impact on health and the SDH, should be reported on by Canada and other countries as a key contribution to SDG 3 achievement, as well as the fulfillment of other targets under the SDG framework that contain the SDH. Consideration should be given by Canada as to how to capture and integrate the important data generated by the DCC and other problem-solving courts into SDG reporting metrics. Certainly, the DCC advances the SDGs’ underlying Leave No One Behind principle in a high-income country context.